1. What is the SI unit of heat energy transfer?

A. Calorie (cal)
B. Joule (J)
C. Degree Celsius (°C)
D. Kelvin (K)

Answer: B. Joule (J)

2. Which physical property is commonly used in liquid-in-glass thermometers?

A. Thermal conductivity
B. Variation of the liquid's volume with temperature
C. Electrical resistance
D. Coefficient of linear expansion

Answer: B. Variation of the liquid's volume with temperature

3. The equation for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit temperature is:

A. $t_F = \frac{9}{5}t_C + 32$
B. $t_F = \frac{5}{9}t_C - 32$
C. $t_F = \frac{9}{5}t_C - 32$
D. $t_F = \frac{5}{9}t_C + 32$

Answer: A. $t_F = \frac{9}{5}t_C + 32$

4. Which law is represented by $PV = \text{constant}$ when the temperature of a gas is constant?

A. Charles’ Law
B. Ideal Gas Law
C. Boyle’s Law
D. Newton’s Law

Answer: C. Boyle’s Law

5. Water has its maximum density at which temperature?

A. $0^\circ \text{C}$
B. $4^\circ \text{C}$
C. $10^\circ \text{C}$
D. $-1^\circ \text{C}$

Answer: B. $4^\circ \text{C}$

6. The relationship $PV/T = \text{constant}$ is known as:

A. Boyle’s Law
B. Charles’ Law
C. Ideal Gas Law
D. Dalton’s Law

Answer: C. Ideal Gas Law

7. What is the coefficient of linear expansion ( $\alpha_l$ ) for copper?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
B. $1.7 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
C. $2.5 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
D. $0.32 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

Answer: B. $1.7 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

8. Which mode of heat transfer does not require a medium?

A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. All of the above

Answer: C. Radiation

9. In which temperature scale is $-273.15^\circ \text{C}$ equivalent to 0?

A. Fahrenheit
B. Kelvin
C. Celsius
D. Rankine

Answer: B. Kelvin

10. What does the latent heat of fusion ( $L_f$ ) represent?

A. Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K
B. Heat required to convert 1 kg of a solid into a liquid at constant temperature
C. Heat required to convert 1 kg of a liquid into gas at constant temperature
D. None of the above

Answer: B. Heat required to convert 1 kg of a solid into a liquid at constant temperature

11. What is the relation between the coefficient of volume expansion ( $\alpha_v$ ) and the coefficient of linear expansion ( $\alpha_l$ ) for a solid?

A. $\alpha_v = \alpha_l$
B. $\alpha_v = 2 \alpha_l$
C. $\alpha_v = 3 \alpha_l$
D. $\alpha_v = 4 \alpha_l$

Answer: C. $\alpha_v = 3 \alpha_l$

12. What is the typical range of the coefficient of linear expansion ( $\alpha_l$ ) for most metals?

A. $10^{-7} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
B. $10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
C. $10^{-3} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
D. $10^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

Answer: B. $10^{-5} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

13. What property makes water useful as a coolant in automobile radiators?

A. High latent heat of vaporization
B. High specific heat capacity
C. Low density
D. High thermal conductivity

Answer: B. High specific heat capacity

14. Which material has the lowest coefficient of linear expansion among the following?

A. Copper
B. Pyrex glass
C. Lead
D. Aluminium

Answer: B. Pyrex glass

15. What is the value of the universal gas constant $R$ ?

A. $6.02 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$
B. $8.31 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$
C. $9.81 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$
D. $10.5 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$

Answer: B. $8.31 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1}$

16. What is the relationship between Kelvin ( $T$ ) and Celsius ( $t_C$ ) temperature scales?

A. $T = t_C - 273.15$
B. $T = t_C + 273.15$
C. $T = t_C / 273.15$
D. $T = t_C \times 273.15$

Answer: B. $T = t_C + 273.15$

17. Why does water at the top of a lake freeze first?

A. Water expands when cooled from 0°C to 4°C.
B. Water contracts when cooled from 4°C to 0°C.
C. Water at 4°C is denser and sinks to the bottom.
D. Water has a low specific heat capacity.

Answer: C. Water at 4°C is denser and sinks to the bottom.

18. What is the latent heat of vaporization ( $L_v$ ) of water?

A. $3.33 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
B. $22.6 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
C. $0.12 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
D. $8.67 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$

Answer: B. $22.6 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$

19. In a constant-volume gas thermometer, what property is used to measure temperature?

A. Pressure
B. Volume
C. Density
D. Specific heat capacity

Answer: A. Pressure

11. The temperature at which water boils at standard atmospheric pressure is:

A. $0^\circ \text{C}$
B. $100^\circ \text{C}$
C. $273^\circ \text{C}$
D. $373^\circ \text{C}$

Answer: B. $100^\circ \text{C}$

12. What is the value of the universal gas constant $R$ in SI units?

A. $8.31 \, \text{J} \, \text{mol}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
B. $0.082 \, \text{L} \, \text{atm} \, \text{mol}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
C. $1.38 \times 10^{-23} \, \text{J} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
D. $6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \text{mol}^{-1}$

Answer: A. $8.31 \, \text{J} \, \text{mol}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

13. The process by which heat flows through a solid is called:

A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. Sublimation

Answer: A. Conduction

14. Which of the following materials has the lowest coefficient of linear expansion?

A. Glass (Pyrex)
B. Aluminium
C. Iron
D. Lead

Answer: A. Glass (Pyrex)

15. What happens when the ends of a rod are rigidly fixed and it is heated?

A. The rod expands freely.
B. The rod bends at the ends.
C. Compressive stress is developed.
D. The length of the rod remains unchanged.

Answer: C. Compressive stress is developed.

16. What is the relationship between the coefficient of volume expansion ( $\alpha_v$ ) and the coefficient of linear expansion ( $\alpha_l$ )?

A. $\alpha_v = 2 \alpha_l$
B. $\alpha_v = 3 \alpha_l$
C. $\alpha_v = \alpha_l / 2$
D. $\alpha_v = \alpha_l / 3$

Answer: B. $\alpha_v = 3 \alpha_l$

17. Which of the following is a mode of heat transfer involving bulk motion of a fluid?

A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. Evaporation

Answer: B. Convection

18. A blacksmith heats an iron ring before fitting it onto a wooden wheel. This is due to:

A. Decrease in density of the iron ring
B. Thermal expansion of the iron ring
C. Increase in elasticity of the iron ring
D. Contraction of the iron ring

Answer: B. Thermal expansion of the iron ring

19. What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A. $4186 \, \text{J} \, \text{kg}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
B. $390 \, \text{J} \, \text{kg}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
C. $2060 \, \text{J} \, \text{kg}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$
D. $840 \, \text{J} \, \text{kg}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

Answer: A. $4186 \, \text{J} \, \text{kg}^{-1} \, \text{K}^{-1}$

20. Which of the following best describes latent heat?

A. The heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree
B. The heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
C. The heat energy radiated by a black body
D. The heat energy lost to surroundings

Answer: B. The heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature

21. What phenomenon causes water in lakes to freeze from the top downwards?

A. High specific heat of water
B. Thermal expansion of water
C. Anomalous expansion of water
D. Low thermal conductivity of water

Answer: C. Anomalous expansion of water

22. Which law explains the decrease in wavelength of maximum emission with increasing temperature?

A. Stefan-Boltzmann Law
B. Wien’s Displacement Law
C. Planck’s Radiation Law
D. Newton’s Law of Cooling

Answer: B. Wien’s Displacement Law

23. According to Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the total radiant heat energy emitted by a body is proportional to:

A. $T$
B. $T^2$
C. $T^3$
D. $T^4$

Answer: D. $T^4$

24. What is the emissivity of a perfect black body?

A. 0
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. Infinity

Answer: C. 1

25. The latent heat of vaporization of water at 100°C is:

A. $3.33 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
B. $22.6 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
C. $1.6 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$
D. $4.18 \times 10^3 \, \text{J/kg}$

Answer: B. $22.6 \times 10^5 \, \text{J/kg}$

26. The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas is called:

A. Fusion
B. Sublimation
C. Evaporation
D. Condensation

Answer: B. Sublimation

27. The process of heat transfer through the bulk motion of fluids is known as:

A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Diffusion

Answer: C. Convection

28. In Newton's Law of Cooling, the rate of heat loss is proportional to:

A. The temperature difference between the body and its surroundings
B. The square of the temperature difference
C. The surface area of the body
D. The mass of the body

Answer: A. The temperature difference between the body and its surroundings

29. Which of the following does not cause a change in the temperature of a substance?

A. Heat added to a substance during melting
B. Heat removed from a substance during freezing
C. Heat added during a temperature increase
D. Heat removed during a temperature decrease

Answer: A. Heat added to a substance during melting

30. What is the effect of increasing the pressure on the boiling point of a liquid?

A. It decreases the boiling point.
B. It increases the boiling point.
C. It has no effect on the boiling point.
D. It causes the liquid to solidify.

Answer: B. It increases the boiling point.

31. The specific heat capacity of water is higher than that of most substances. This is the reason why:

A. Water boils at a higher temperature.
B. Water is a poor coolant.
C. Water heats up and cools down slowly.
D. Water is a good conductor of heat.

Answer: C. Water heats up and cools down slowly.

32. In a constant volume gas thermometer, the pressure is directly proportional to:

A. The volume of the gas
B. The temperature in Kelvin
C. The temperature in Celsius
D. The number of gas molecules

Answer: B. The temperature in Kelvin

33. The coefficient of volume expansion ( $\alpha_v$ ) for an ideal gas at constant pressure is:

A. Zero
B. Dependent on temperature
C. Constant
D. Equal to the coefficient of linear expansion

Answer: B. Dependent on temperature

34. The thermal conductivity of a material is highest for:

A. Metals
B. Gases
C. Liquids
D. Insulating materials

Answer: A. Metals

35. The heat transfer by radiation requires:

A. A medium like air or water
B. Conduction of heat through solids
C. An electromagnetic wave
D. A temperature difference

Answer: C. An electromagnetic wave

36. In the equation $Q = m L$ , what does $L$ represent?

A. Specific heat capacity
B. Latent heat
C. Latent temperature
D. Thermal conductivity

Answer: B. Latent heat

37. The rate of heat transfer by conduction is inversely proportional to:

A. The temperature difference
B. The length of the material
C. The area of cross-section
D. The thermal conductivity

Answer: B. The length of the material

38. The equation for heat transfer in conduction is given by:

A. $H = \frac{KA(T_1 - T_2)}{L}$
B. $H = m s \Delta T$
C. $H = \sigma A T^4$
D. $H = \mu RT$

Answer: A. $H = \frac{KA(T_1 - T_2)}{L}$

39. The temperature of a black body depends on:

A. Its size
B. Its shape
C. Its material
D. Its temperature

Answer: D. Its temperature

40. Which of the following materials is most likely to have the highest thermal conductivity?

A. Wood
B. Air
C. Copper
D. Glass

Answer: C. Copper

41. The change of state from liquid to gas is called:

A. Sublimation
B. Freezing
C. Vaporization
D. Melting

Answer: C. Vaporization

42. The Stefan-Boltzmann Law is applicable to:

A. Perfectly insulating bodies
B. Bodies emitting radiation at high speeds
C. Black bodies
D. Fluids

Answer: C. Black bodies

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Thursday, November 21, 2024

MCQ Physics Chapter–11: Thermal Properties of Matter, HS 1st year