1. Thermodynamics Introduction

Q1: What does thermodynamics primarily deal with?
a) Molecular structure of substances
b) Inter-conversion of heat and other forms of energy
c) Motion of bodies under force
d) Study of gravity and inertia
Answer: b) Inter-conversion of heat and other forms of energy

2. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

Q2: What does the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics establish?
a) The relationship between heat and work
b) The principle of conservation of energy
c) The concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium
d) The efficiency of heat engines
Answer: c) The concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium

3. Heat, Internal Energy, and Work

Q3: Internal energy of a system is:
a) A state variable depending on the path
b) A state variable independent of the path
c) Always equal to the kinetic energy of the system
d) Dependent on the temperature gradient only
Answer: b) A state variable independent of the path

4. First Law of Thermodynamics

Q4: The first law of thermodynamics is represented by:
a) $\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W$
b) $\Delta U = \Delta Q + \Delta W$
c) $Q = U - W$
d) $Q + W = \Delta U$
Answer: a) $\Delta Q = \Delta U + \Delta W$

5. Specific Heat Capacity

Q5: The specific heat capacity of water is approximately:
a) $4.186 \, \text{J/kg·K}$
b) $1 \, \text{cal/g·K}$
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b

6. Isothermal Process

Q6: In an isothermal process:
a) The temperature remains constant
b) The internal energy of an ideal gas changes
c) Work done is unrelated to heat absorbed
d) Pressure remains constant
Answer: a) The temperature remains constant

7. Second Law of Thermodynamics

Q7: Which statement corresponds to the Kelvin-Planck form of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
a) No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a colder to a hotter body.
b) No process is possible whose sole result is the absorption of heat and complete conversion to work.
c) Work done by a system is always positive.
d) Heat transfer always occurs at constant pressure.
Answer: b) No process is possible whose sole result is the absorption of heat and complete conversion to work.

8. Carnot Cycle

Q8: The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by:
a) $\eta = 1 - \frac{Q_2}{Q_1}$
b) $\eta = \frac{Q_1}{Q_2}$
c) $\eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1}$
d) $\eta = \frac{T_1}{T_2}$
Answer: c) $\eta = 1 - \frac{T_2}{T_1}$

9. Thermal Equilibrium

Q9: Thermal equilibrium is achieved when:
a) Two systems have equal pressure
b) Two systems have equal volume
c) Two systems have equal temperature
d) Two systems have no heat exchange
Answer: c) Two systems have equal temperature

10. Heat Transfer

Q10: Heat transfer between two bodies occurs due to:
a) Difference in pressure
b) Difference in temperature
c) Difference in mass
d) Difference in density
Answer: b) Difference in temperature

11. Zeroth Law Application

Q11: The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics allows the definition of:
a) Heat capacity
b) Thermal equilibrium
c) Temperature scale
d) Specific heat
Answer: c) Temperature scale

12. Work in Thermodynamics

Q12: Work done by a thermodynamic system is related to:
a) Volume change
b) Temperature change
c) Heat transfer only
d) Mass change
Answer: a) Volume change

13. Adiabatic Process

Q13: In an adiabatic process:
a) Heat exchange occurs
b) No heat is transferred to or from the system
c) Volume remains constant
d) Pressure remains constant
Answer: b) No heat is transferred to or from the system

14. Internal Energy

Q14: The internal energy of a gas depends on:
a) The process path
b) The initial and final state of the system
c) The heat exchanged only
d) External forces acting on the system
Answer: b) The initial and final state of the system

15. State Variables

Q15: Which of the following is a state variable?
a) Heat
b) Work
c) Temperature
d) Energy transfer
Answer: c) Temperature

16. Equation of State

Q16: For an ideal gas, the equation of state is:
a) $PV = \mu R T$
b) $PV = T$
c) $P/T = \mu R$
d) $V = \mu RT$
Answer: a) $PV = \mu R T$

17. Specific Heat Capacity

Q17: Specific heat capacity depends on:
a) The amount of substance
b) The temperature of the substance
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b

18. Thermodynamic Process

Q18: An isochoric process implies:
a) Constant pressure
b) Constant temperature
c) Constant volume
d) Constant entropy
Answer: c) Constant volume

19. Efficiency of Carnot Engine

Q19: The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on:
a) Heat absorbed
b) The difference in pressure of the reservoirs
c) Temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs
d) Type of working substance
Answer: c) Temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs

20. Temperature Scales

Q20: The thermodynamic temperature scale is based on:
a) Specific heat capacity
b) Pressure and volume changes
c) The Carnot cycle
d) Internal energy
Answer: c) The Carnot cycle

21. Adiabatic Expansion

Q21: In adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas:
a) Temperature increases
b) Pressure remains constant
c) Temperature decreases
d) Internal energy increases
Answer: c) Temperature decreases

22. First Law of Thermodynamics

Q22: If $\Delta U = 0$ in a thermodynamic process, then:
a) $\Delta Q = 0$
b) $\Delta W = \Delta Q$
c) Work done is zero
d) Heat absorbed is equal to change in pressure
Answer: b) $\Delta W = \Delta Q$

23. Isothermal Process

Q23: In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas:
a) $\Delta U = 0$
b) $Q = W$
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Both a and b

24. Reversible Process

Q24: A reversible process requires:
a) Dissipative effects
b) Infinitesimally slow changes
c) Rapid energy exchange
d) Finite temperature differences
Answer: b) Infinitesimally slow changes

25. Heat Engine

Q25: A heat engine converts:
a) Work into heat
b) Heat into work
c) Heat into mechanical energy entirely
d) Work into potential energy
Answer: b) Heat into work

26. Carnot Theorem

Q26: According to Carnot's theorem:
a) All engines have the same efficiency
b) No engine is 100% efficient
c) Efficiency depends only on the working substance
d) Efficiency is independent of temperature
Answer: b) No engine is 100% efficient

(Continuing... Stay tuned!)

27. Quasi-Static Process

Q27: A quasi-static process is:
a) A non-equilibrium process
b) An infinitely slow process
c) A spontaneous process
d) A process where friction dominates
Answer: b) An infinitely slow process

28. Specific Heat in Gases

Q28: For an ideal gas, $C_p - C_v$ equals:
a) The internal energy
b) The universal gas constant, $R$
c) Zero
d) The product of pressure and volume
Answer: b) The universal gas constant, $R$

29. Thermal Conductivity

Q29: The SI unit of thermal conductivity is:
a) $J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}$
b) $J\,s^{-1}\,K^{-1}$
c) $J\,s^{-1}\,m^{-1}\,K^{-1}$
d) $W\,m^{-2}\,K^{-1}$
Answer: c) $J\,s^{-1}\,m^{-1}\,K^{-1}$

30. Isothermal Work Done

Q30: Work done in an isothermal process is given by:
a) $W = \Delta Q$
b) $W = P \Delta V$
c) $W = nRT \ln(V_2/V_1)$
d) $W = \Delta U + P \Delta V$
Answer: c) $W = nRT \ln(V_2/V_1)$

31. Adiabatic Relation

Q31: In an adiabatic process for an ideal gas, $PV^\gamma$ is:
a) Directly proportional to temperature
b) A constant
c) Equal to internal energy
d) Inversely proportional to pressure
Answer: b) A constant

32. Carnot Cycle Steps

Q32: How many processes constitute the Carnot cycle?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: c) Four

33. Efficiency of Heat Engines

Q33: Efficiency of a heat engine depends on:
a) The temperatures of the reservoirs
b) The working gas
c) The type of engine
d) The duration of operation
Answer: a) The temperatures of the reservoirs

34. Kelvin-Planck Statement

Q34: Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law implies:
a) Heat cannot transfer from a colder to a hotter body
b) No engine can convert heat into work with 100% efficiency
c) Internal energy always decreases
d) Adiabatic processes are reversible
Answer: b) No engine can convert heat into work with 100% efficiency

35. Spontaneous Processes

Q35: Spontaneous processes are:
a) Always reversible
b) Always adiabatic
c) Mostly irreversible
d) Independent of entropy changes
Answer: c) Mostly irreversible

36. First Law in Cyclic Processes

Q36: In a cyclic process, the change in internal energy ( $\Delta U$ ) is:
a) Zero
b) Equal to the heat supplied
c) Equal to the work done
d) Equal to $Q - W$
Answer: a) Zero

37. Entropy

Q37: Entropy is a measure of:
a) Internal energy
b) Randomness or disorder in the system
c) Heat capacity
d) Pressure variation
Answer: b) Randomness or disorder in the system

38. Heat and Work

Q38: Heat and work are:
a) State variables
b) Path-dependent quantities
c) Constants in thermodynamics
d) Independent of the thermodynamic process
Answer: b) Path-dependent quantities

39. Adiabatic Work

Q39: In an adiabatic process, the work done on or by the gas is equal to:
a) The heat supplied
b) The change in internal energy
c) Zero
d) The external work
Answer: b) The change in internal energy

40. Isobaric Process

Q40: An isobaric process is characterized by:
a) Constant pressure
b) Constant volume
c) Constant temperature
d) No heat exchange
Answer: a) Constant pressure

41. Heat Transfer in Adiabatic Process

Q41: During an adiabatic process:
a) Heat is transferred only to the surroundings
b) Heat transfer is zero
c) Heat is converted into work
d) Heat transfer depends on temperature
Answer: b) Heat transfer is zero

42. Carnot Engine’s Limitation

Q42: Carnot engines cannot achieve 100% efficiency because:
a) Heat cannot be completely converted to work
b) Internal energy always remains constant
c) Entropy increases
d) Temperature difference is not significant
Answer: a) Heat cannot be completely converted to work

43. Universal Gas Constant

Q43: The universal gas constant $R$ is related to specific heats by:
a) $C_p + C_v = R$
b) $C_p - C_v = R$
c) $C_p/C_v = R$
d) $C_p \cdot C_v = R$
Answer: b) $C_p - C_v = R$

44. Reversibility in Processes

Q44: Reversible processes are:
a) Always observed in nature
b) Theoretical constructs used in thermodynamics
c) Spontaneous processes
d) Dependent on the heat supplied
Answer: b) Theoretical constructs used in thermodynamics

45. Latent Heat

Q45: The heat required to change the phase of a substance without changing its temperature is:
a) Specific heat
b) Latent heat
c) Heat capacity
d) Molar heat capacity

MCQs for NEET, JEE, IIT, NIT, CUET, CTET, and SSC Entrance Exams: Your Ultimate Preparation Guide

Are you preparing for competitive exams like NEET, JEE, IIT, NIT, CUET, CTET, or SSC? Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a proven way to enhance your preparation strategy. These MCQs are designed to strengthen your concepts, boost problem-solving skills, and improve time management—key elements to ace any entrance exam.

Why MCQs Are Essential for Competitive Exams?

Concept Clarity: MCQs cover important topics, ensuring a deep understanding of fundamental concepts.
Time Management: Practicing MCQs improves speed and accuracy, essential for high-stakes exams.
Exam Pattern Familiarity: MCQs simulate the real exam pattern, helping you feel confident on the big day.

Benefits of Using These MCQs for NEET, JEE, IIT, and More

Targeted Preparation: Specially curated MCQs focus on the specific syllabus of exams like NEET, JEE, and CUET, making your study focused and efficient.
Wide Subject Coverage: Includes questions from Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, and more.
Boosts Competitive Edge: High-quality MCQs ensure you're ready to tackle even the trickiest questions.

Exams These MCQs Help With:

NEET: For aspiring medical students.
JEE & IIT: For engineering and technical aspirants.
NIT Admissions: A stepping stone to prestigious National Institutes of Technology.
CUET: Common University Entrance Test for undergraduate programs.
CTET: A mandatory test for teachers.
SSC: Government job aspirants preparing for SSC exams.

Pro Tips to Use MCQs Effectively:

Regular Practice: Dedicate time daily to solve topic-wise MCQs.
Review and Revise: Go through solutions and explanations to understand your mistakes.
Mock Tests: Attempt full-length MCQ tests to build exam stamina.

Get Started Now!

Our extensive MCQ collections are tailored to help you succeed in NEET, JEE, IIT, NIT, CUET, CTET, and SSC. Start practicing today and take a step closer to your dream career. Bookmark this page and share it with fellow aspirants.

Tags:

MCQs for NEET, JEE MCQs, IIT preparation, CUET questions, CTET practice, SSC MCQs, competitive exam tips, entrance exam success.

Thursday, November 21, 2024

MCQ Physics Chapter–12: Thermodynamics, HS 1st year