MCQ Physics Chapter–10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids, HS 1st year

 

1. What distinguishes fluids from solids?

   • (a) Fixed shape and volume
   • (b) Ability to flow and lack of definite shape
   • (c) High compressibility
   • (d) Resistance to shear stress
     Answer: (b)

2. Which property of a fluid determines its resistance to shear stress?

   • (a) Viscosity
   • (b) Compressibility
   • (c) Density
   • (d) Surface tension
     Answer: (a)

3. Pressure is defined as:

   • (a) Force per unit length
   • (b) Force per unit area
   • (c) Mass per unit volume
   • (d) Energy per unit volume
     Answer: (b)

4. Which of the following devices measures atmospheric pressure?

   • (a) Barometer
   • (b) Manometer
   • (c) Hydrometer
   • (d) Anemometer
     Answer: (a)

5. What does Pascal's law state?

   • (a) Pressure is the same at all points in a moving fluid.
   • (b) Pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
   • (c) Pressure varies inversely with volume in a fluid.
   • (d) Fluid pressure depends only on density.
     Answer: (b)

6. What is the SI unit of pressure?

   • (a) Torr
   • (b) Pascal (Pa)
   • (c) Atmosphere (atm)
   • (d) Bar
     Answer: (b)

7. In Bernoulli's principle, which quantity remains constant along a streamline?

   • (a) Pressure + kinetic energy + potential energy
   • (b) Density + pressure + velocity
   • (c) Force + pressure + area
   • (d) Temperature + pressure + density
     Answer: (a)

8. What is the reason behind the shape of a liquid drop being spherical?

   • (a) Viscosity
   • (b) Surface tension
   • (c) Density
   • (d) Compressibility
     Answer: (b)

9. What does the equation $P = P_a + \rho gh$ signify?

   • (a) Continuity equation
   • (b) Variation of pressure with depth
   • (c) Pascal's law
   • (d) Bernoulli's principle
     Answer: (b)

10. Which physical quantity does Stokes' law describe?

• (a) Pressure in a fluid
• (b) Viscous drag on a sphere
• (c) Surface tension of a liquid
• (d) Rate of flow in a pipe
  Answer: (b)

11. What is the pressure at a depth $h$ in a liquid of density $\rho$?

    • (a) $\rho g h$
    • (b) $\frac{\rho}{g h}$
    • (c) $g h^2$
    • (d) $\rho h^2$
      Answer: (a)

12. The principle behind hydraulic machines is based on:

    • (a) Archimedes' principle
    • (b) Bernoulli’s theorem
    • (c) Pascal’s law
    • (d) Equation of continuity
      Answer: (c)

13. Which term is not included in Bernoulli's equation?

    • (a) Pressure energy
    • (b) Kinetic energy per unit volume
    • (c) Thermal energy
    • (d) Potential energy per unit volume
      Answer: (c)

14. What does the equation of continuity express?

    • (a) Conservation of energy in fluid motion
    • (b) Conservation of momentum in fluid motion
    • (c) Conservation of mass in steady fluid flow
    • (d) Relation between pressure and velocity in fluids
      Answer: (c)

15. What is the SI unit of viscosity?

    • (a) Poise
    • (b) Pascal-second (Pa·s)
    • (c) N/m
    • (d) kg/m³
      Answer: (b)

16. The phenomenon where a spinning ball deviates from its trajectory is known as:

    • (a) Magnus effect
    • (b) Bernoulli effect
    • (c) Pascal's law
    • (d) Torricelli’s principle
      Answer: (a)

17. For a liquid in a capillary tube, the height of rise $h$ depends inversely on:

    • (a) Radius of the tube
    • (b) Surface tension
    • (c) Acceleration due to gravity
    • (d) Density of the liquid
      Answer: (a)

18. Surface tension is defined as:

    • (a) Force per unit area
    • (b) Force per unit length
    • (c) Energy per unit length
    • (d) Energy per unit volume
      Answer: (b)

19. What determines the angle of contact in a liquid-solid interface?

    • (a) Relative densities of liquid and solid
    • (b) The interfacial tensions between liquid, solid, and air
    • (c) Viscosity of the liquid
    • (d) Atmospheric pressure
      Answer: (b)

20. What is the shape of the surface of a liquid near the plane of contact when the angle of contact is acute?

    • (a) Convex
    • (b) Concave
    • (c) Flat
    • (d) Irregular
      Answer: (b)

21. The terminal velocity of a sphere falling in a fluid is proportional to:

    • (a) The radius of the sphere
    • (b) The square of the radius of the sphere
    • (c) The inverse of the radius of the sphere
    • (d) The cube of the radius of the sphere
      Answer: (b)

22. Which property of fluids leads to the formation of capillary waves?

    • (a) Viscosity
    • (b) Surface tension
    • (c) Density
    • (d) Compressibility
      Answer: (b)

23. Which instrument uses the principle of atmospheric pressure measurement?

    • (a) Sphygmomanometer
    • (b) Barometer
    • (c) Venturimeter
    • (d) Hydrometer
      Answer: (b)

24. A device used to measure small pressure differences is:

    • (a) Barometer
    • (b) Manometer
    • (c) Altimeter
    • (d) Pyrometer
      Answer: (b)

25. In a streamline flow, which of the following is true?

• (a) Velocity at a point changes randomly with time
• (b) Velocity at a point remains constant in time
• (c) Flow is always turbulent
• (d) Fluid particles cross each other’s path
  Answer: (b)

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26. Which property explains why small insects can walk on water?

    • (a) Viscosity
    • (b) Density
    • (c) Surface tension
    • (d) Compressibility
      Answer: (c)

27. What is the excess pressure inside a soap bubble of radius $r$?

    • (a) $\frac{2S}{r}$
    • (b) $\frac{4S}{r}$
    • (c) $\frac{S}{2r}$
    • (d) $\frac{r}{4S}$
      Answer: (b)

28. The terminal velocity of a falling raindrop depends on:

    • (a) Density of air only
    • (b) Radius of the raindrop only
    • (c) Both viscosity and radius of the raindrop
    • (d) Surface tension of the raindrop
      Answer: (c)

29. Which physical principle is used in designing an aeroplane's wings?

    • (a) Stokes' law
    • (b) Bernoulli’s principle
    • (c) Pascal’s law
    • (d) Archimedes' principle
      Answer: (b)

30. In the flow of an ideal fluid, which of the following remains constant in a horizontal pipe?

    • (a) Pressure only
    • (b) Velocity only
    • (c) Pressure + velocity head
    • (d) Kinetic energy
      Answer: (c)

31. What is the reason for the upward force experienced by an airplane wing?

    • (a) High viscosity of air
    • (b) High pressure above the wing
    • (c) High velocity of air above the wing
    • (d) High density of air
      Answer: (c)

32. Which phenomenon explains the rise of oil in a wick?

    • (a) Capillary action
    • (b) Surface tension
    • (c) Viscosity
    • (d) Bernoulli's principle
      Answer: (a)

33. The SI unit of surface tension is:

    • (a) N/m
    • (b) J/m²
    • (c) Both (a) and (b)
    • (d) N/m²
      Answer: (c)

34. What happens to the viscosity of liquids as temperature increases?

    • (a) Increases
    • (b) Decreases
    • (c) Remains constant
    • (d) First increases, then decreases
      Answer: (b)

35. What happens to viscosity in gases with increasing temperature?

    • (a) Increases
    • (b) Decreases
    • (c) Remains constant
    • (d) Varies irregularly
      Answer: (a)

36. What is the angle of contact for mercury on glass?

    • (a) Acute
    • (b) Obtuse
    • (c) Zero
    • (d) Right angle
      Answer: (b)

37. In a U-tube manometer, the liquid used for measuring large pressure differences is usually:

    • (a) Water
    • (b) Alcohol
    • (c) Mercury
    • (d) Oil
      Answer: (c)

38. The velocity of a fluid in a tube is maximum:

    • (a) At the walls of the tube
    • (b) At the center of the tube
    • (c) Uniform throughout the tube
    • (d) Varies randomly
      Answer: (b)

39. A streamlined body experiences:

    • (a) High turbulence
    • (b) Low drag force
    • (c) High friction force
    • (d) Low surface tension
      Answer: (b)

40. Which principle is used in designing hydraulic brakes?

    • (a) Bernoulli's principle
    • (b) Pascal’s law
    • (c) Archimedes' principle
    • (d) Continuity equation
      Answer: (b)

41. What happens when the velocity of a flowing fluid exceeds the critical speed?

    • (a) The flow becomes streamline
    • (b) The flow becomes turbulent
    • (c) The flow stops
    • (d) Pressure increases uniformly
      Answer: (b)

42. In an ideal fluid flow, the pressure is higher in regions where the velocity is:

    • (a) Higher
    • (b) Lower
    • (c) Constant
    • (d) Zero
      Answer: (b)

43. If the diameter of a capillary tube is halved, the height of capillary rise becomes:

    • (a) Doubled
    • (b) Halved
    • (c) Four times
    • (d) One-fourth
      Answer: (a)

44. In streamline flow, which of the following remains constant along a pipe?

    • (a) Volume flux
    • (b) Pressure gradient
    • (c) Density gradient
    • (d) Turbulence
      Answer: (a)

45. The pressure inside a liquid drop is:

    • (a) Equal to atmospheric pressure
    • (b) Greater than atmospheric pressure
    • (c) Less than atmospheric pressure
    • (d) Independent of atmospheric pressure
      Answer: (b)

46. Which law helps determine the terminal velocity of a falling object in a fluid?

    • (a) Archimedes’ principle
    • (b) Stokes’ law
    • (c) Bernoulli’s equation
    • (d) Pascal’s law
      Answer: (b)

47. The equation $\eta = \frac{\text{Shear stress}}{\text{Rate of shear strain}}$ defines:

    • (a) Surface tension
    • (b) Compressibility
    • (c) Viscosity
    • (d) Pressure
      Answer: (c)

48. What is the term for pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure?

    • (a) Absolute pressure
    • (b) Gauge pressure
    • (c) Differential pressure
    • (d) Hydrostatic pressure
      Answer: (b)

49. The pressure difference across a bubble's surface is proportional to:

    • (a) The radius of the bubble
    • (b) The square of the radius of the bubble
    • (c) The inverse of the radius of the bubble
    • (d) The density of the fluid
      Answer: (c)

50. Which factor has no effect on the capillary rise in a liquid?

• (a) Radius of the tube
• (b) Surface tension of the liquid
• (c) Density of the liquid
• (d) Viscosity of the liquid
  Answer: (d)

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