MCQs on Organic Chemistry – Basic Principles and Techniques
1. Who first demonstrated that an organic compound could be synthesized from inorganic compounds?
a) Berzelius
b) Wohler
c) Kolbe
d) Berthelot
Answer: b) Wohler
2. What is the unique property of carbon that allows it to form a wide variety of compounds?
a) Electronegativity
b) Catenation
c) High reactivity
d) Hydrogen bonding
Answer: b) Catenation
3. Which of the following compounds is an example of an aromatic compound?
a) Methane
b) Benzene
c) Ethanol
d) Propane
Answer: b) Benzene
4. In the IUPAC system, the suffix used for a compound with a ketone functional group is:
a) -ol
b) -one
c) -al
d) -ene
Answer: b) -one
5. What type of hybridization does the carbon atom in ethyne (C≡C) exhibit?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) dsp³
Answer: a) sp
6. What is the principle behind the purification technique of sublimation?
a) Difference in melting points
b) Transition from solid to vapor without liquid phase
c) Differential solubility
d) Separation based on molecular size
Answer: b) Transition from solid to vapor without liquid phase
7. Which type of isomerism is displayed by compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups?
a) Chain isomerism
b) Position isomerism
c) Functional group isomerism
d) Stereoisomerism
Answer: c) Functional group isomerism
8. What happens in a positive inductive effect (+I)?
a) Electron density is donated to the attached carbon atom.
b) Electron density is withdrawn from the attached carbon atom.
c) Electrons are delocalized through resonance.
d) π-electrons are transferred to a more electronegative atom.
Answer: a) Electron density is donated to the attached carbon atom.
9. Which of the following is an example of a heterocyclic aromatic compound?
a) Benzene
b) Thiophene
c) Cyclohexane
d) Ethane
Answer: b) Thiophene
10. Which of these is considered a permanent effect in organic molecules?
a) Electromeric effect
b) Hyperconjugation
c) Temporary dipoles
d) Van der Waals forces
Answer: b) Hyperconjugation
11. What type of bond is represented by a single dash in structural formulas?
a) Double bond
b) Triple bond
c) Sigma bond
d) Pi bond
Answer: c) Sigma bond
12. Which of the following represents the correct order of hybridization states from highest to lowest s-character?
a) sp³ > sp² > sp
b) sp² > sp > sp³
c) sp > sp² > sp³
d) sp³ > sp > sp²
Answer: c) sp > sp² > sp³
13. Which purification method is based on the difference in boiling points of liquids?
a) Crystallization
b) Chromatography
c) Distillation
d) Sublimation
Answer: c) Distillation
14. What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CHO?
a) Ethanal
b) Propanone
c) Propanal
d) Propanol
Answer: c) Propanal
15. Which of the following functional groups has the highest priority in IUPAC nomenclature?
a) Hydroxyl group (-OH)
b) Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
c) Aldehyde (-CHO)
d) Ketone (>C=O)
Answer: b) Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
16. In heterolytic cleavage, what does the shared pair of electrons do?
a) Moves to both atoms equally
b) Stays with one atom
c) Is lost entirely
d) Creates a free radical
Answer: b) Stays with one atom
17. Which type of isomerism is observed when the position of a substituent changes?
a) Chain isomerism
b) Position isomerism
c) Functional group isomerism
d) Optical isomerism
Answer: b) Position isomerism
18. What is the correct IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3?
a) 2-Chlorobutane
b) 1-Chlorobutane
c) 3-Chlorobutane
d) 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane
Answer: a) 2-Chlorobutane
19. Which of the following compounds has a triple bond?
a) Methane
b) Ethyne
c) Ethene
d) Benzene
Answer: b) Ethyne
20. What is the most stable carbocation?
a) CH3⁺
b) CH3CH2⁺
c) (CH3)2CH⁺
d) (CH3)3C⁺
Answer: d) (CH3)3C⁺
21. What does the term "homologous series" refer to in organic chemistry?
a) Compounds differing by CH₂ units
b) Compounds with the same molecular formula
c) Isomers of the same compound
d) Compounds with the same physical properties
Answer: a) Compounds differing by CH₂ units
22. Which technique is used to separate substances based on their movement through a medium?
a) Distillation
b) Sublimation
c) Chromatography
d) Crystallization
Answer: c) Chromatography
23. What is the product of the reaction between ammonium cyanate and heat?
a) Urea
b) Methane
c) Acetic acid
d) Formaldehyde
Answer: a) Urea
24. Which of the following functional groups is present in methanol?
a) Aldehyde
b) Hydroxyl
c) Carboxyl
d) Ketone
Answer: b) Hydroxyl
25. Which type of reaction involves the addition of a nucleophile to an electrophilic center?
a) Substitution
b) Elimination
c) Nucleophilic addition
d) Electrophilic substitution
Answer: c) Nucleophilic addition
26. What is the geometry of a molecule with sp² hybridized carbon?
a) Linear
b) Trigonal planar
c) Tetrahedral
d) Octahedral
Answer: b) Trigonal planar
27. In the compound CH3CH=CH2, how many sigma and pi bonds are present?
a) 7 sigma, 2 pi
b) 8 sigma, 1 pi
c) 6 sigma, 1 pi
d) 9 sigma, 2 pi
Answer: b) 8 sigma, 1 pi
28. What is the IUPAC name for the compound HOCH2CH2CH2CH3?
a) Butanol
b) 1-Butanol
c) 2-Butanol
d) Butanal
Answer: b) 1-Butanol
29. What is the boiling point used to separate chloroform and aniline?
a) 298 K
b) 334 K
c) 457 K
d) 273 K
Answer: b) 334 K
30. Which of these molecules is classified as a nucleophile?
a) NH3
b) H⁺
c) CH3⁺
d) BF3
Answer: a) NH3
31. What is the main reactive site for an electrophile in CH3CH=O?
a) Carbonyl carbon
b) Carbonyl oxygen
c) Hydrogen atom
d) Methyl carbon
Answer: a) Carbonyl carbon
32. The bond-line formula is often drawn in what shape?
a) Straight line
b) Zig-zag line
c) Circular
d) Random
Answer: b) Zig-zag line
33. Which of the following is an example of a positive resonance effect?
a) Nitrobenzene
b) Aniline
c) Benzene
d) Cyclopropane
Answer: b) Aniline
34. How many valence electrons does a carbocation have?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 4
d) 2
Answer: a) 6
35. In which type of cleavage are free radicals formed?
a) Heterolytic cleavage
b) Homolytic cleavage
c) Electrophilic cleavage
d) Nucleophilic cleavage
Answer: b) Homolytic cleavage
36. What is the general name for hydrocarbons with double bonds?
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Alkynes
d) Aromatics
Answer: b) Alkenes
37. Which is NOT a step in the purification of organic compounds?
a) Sublimation
b) Distillation
c) Reaction with strong acid
d) Chromatography
Answer: c) Reaction with strong acid
38. Which functional group gives rise to esters?
a) Carboxylic acid and alcohol
b) Aldehyde and ketone
c) Alcohol and alkene
d) Ketone and ether
Answer: a) Carboxylic acid and alcohol
39. What is the phenomenon called when molecules of the same formula differ in connectivity?
a) Resonance
b) Hyperconjugation
c) Isomerism
d) Homologous series
Answer: c) Isomerism
40. What is the order of stability for carbocations?
a) Primary > Secondary > Tertiary
b) Tertiary > Secondary > Primary
c) Secondary > Tertiary > Primary
d) Tertiary > Primary > Secondary
Answer: b) Tertiary > Secondary > Primary
জৈব রসায়ন: মৌলিক নীতি ও কৌশল (Organic Chemistry: Basic Principles and Techniques)
1. জৈব যৌগের সাধারণ পরিচিতি
- জৈব যৌগের গুরুত্ব: DNA, প্রোটিন, জ্বালানি, ঔষধ, ইত্যাদি।
- কার্বনের ক্যাটেনেশন বৈশিষ্ট্য ও তার অন্যান্য মৌলের সাথে বন্ধনের ক্ষমতা।
2. কার্বনের টেট্রাভ্যালেন্স এবং যৌগের আকার
- কার্বনের স্প, স্প², এবং স্প³ হাইব্রিডাইজেশনের মাধ্যমে গঠিত বিভিন্ন বন্ধন এবং তাদের বৈশিষ্ট্য।
- π-বন্ডের বৈশিষ্ট্য এবং এর রাসায়নিক প্রতিক্রিয়ার কেন্দ্র হিসাবে ভূমিকা।
3. জৈব যৌগের গঠনগত উপস্থাপন
- লুইস স্ট্রাকচার, ড্যাশ ফর্মুলা, এবং বন্ড-লাইন স্ট্রাকচারের সাহায্যে জৈব যৌগের উপস্থাপন।
- ত্রিমাত্রিক গঠন: সলিড ও ড্যাশড ওয়েজের ব্যবহার।
4. জৈব যৌগের শ্রেণিবিন্যাস
- খোলা শৃঙ্খল ও বন্ধ শৃঙ্খল যৌগ (অ্যালিসাইক্লিক এবং অ্যারোমেটিক যৌগ)।
- কার্যকরী গ্রুপ ও তাদের প্রভাব।
- হোমোলগাস সিরিজ ও পলিফাংশনাল যৌগ।
5. জৈব যৌগের নামকরণ
- IUPAC নিয়মে নামকরণ: শৃঙ্খল দৈর্ঘ্য, কার্যকরী গ্রুপ, এবং শাখার ভিত্তিতে।
- ঐতিহ্যবাহী নাম এবং উদাহরণ।
6. আইসমেরিজম (Isomerism)
- গঠনগত এবং স্থানিক আইসমারিজম: চেইন, পজিশন, ফাংশনাল গ্রুপ, এবং জ্যামিতিক আইসমারিজম।
7. জৈব রাসায়নিক বিক্রিয়ার মৌলিক ধারণা
- কভ্যালেন্ট বন্ডের ভাঙ্গন: হেটারোলাইটিক এবং হোমোলাইটিক ক্লিভেজ।
- নিউক্লিওফাইল এবং ইলেক্ট্রোফাইলের ভূমিকা।
8. ইলেকট্রন স্থানান্তরের প্রভাব
- ইন্ডাকটিভ, রেজোন্যান্স, এবং ইলেক্ট্রোমেরিক ইফেক্টের ব্যাখ্যা।
- হাইপারকনজুগেশন এবং এর প্রভাব।
9. জৈব যৌগের বিশুদ্ধকরণ পদ্ধতি
- সাবলিমেশন, স্ফটিকীকরণ, ডিস্টিলেশন, এবং ক্রোমাটোগ্রাফির মতো পদ্ধতিগুলো।
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