MCQ Set: Hydrocarbons
What is the general formula of alkanes?
- A. CnH2n
- B. CnH2n+2
- C. CnH2n-2
- D. CnH2n-6
Answer: B. CnH2n+2
Which of the following is the first member of the alkane series?
- A. Ethane
- B. Propane
- C. Methane
- D. Butane
Answer: C. Methane
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is primarily a mixture of which hydrocarbons?
- A. Methane and Ethane
- B. Propane and Butane
- C. Pentane and Hexane
- D. Ethylene and Propylene
Answer: B. Propane and Butane
Which of the following hydrocarbons contains a triple bond?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethene
- C. Ethyne
- D. Propane
Answer: C. Ethyne
What type of isomerism is exhibited by compounds having the same molecular formula but different chain arrangements?
- A. Position Isomerism
- B. Chain Isomerism
- C. Geometrical Isomerism
- D. Functional Isomerism
Answer: B. Chain Isomerism
Which compound is formed during the complete combustion of methane?
- A. Carbon monoxide and water
- B. Carbon dioxide and water
- C. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen
- D. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
Answer: B. Carbon dioxide and water
What is the bond angle in methane according to the VSEPR theory?
- A. 90°
- B. 109.5°
- C. 120°
- D. 180°
Answer: B. 109.5°
Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
- A. Butane
- B. Propane
- C. Ethene
- D. Methane
Answer: C. Ethene
What is the product when ethene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst?
- A. Ethyne
- B. Ethanol
- C. Ethane
- D. Methane
Answer: C. Ethane
Which reaction is used for the preparation of higher alkanes?
- A. Hydrogenation
- B. Wurtz Reaction
- C. Halogenation
- D. Combustion
Answer: B. Wurtz Reaction
What is the molecular formula of propane?
- A. C2H4
- B. C3H6
- C. C3H8
- D. C4H10
Answer: C. C3H8
What is the bond length of a C-C single bond in alkanes?
- A. 112 pm
- B. 134 pm
- C. 154 pm
- D. 121 pm
Answer: C. 154 pm
Which of the following isomers of pentane has the highest boiling point?
- A. n-Pentane
- B. 2-Methylbutane
- C. 2,2-Dimethylpropane
- D. 3-Methylbutane
Answer: A. n-Pentane
The process of heating higher alkanes to produce smaller alkanes and alkenes is called:
- A. Hydrogenation
- B. Cracking
- C. Aromatization
- D. Isomerization
Answer: B. Cracking
Which of the following alkanes is used as a refrigerant and a propellant in aerosols?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethane
- C. Propane
- D. Butane
Answer: D. Butane
What is the product of the combustion of alkanes in insufficient oxygen?
- A. CO2 and H2O
- B. CO and H2O
- C. CH4 and O2
- D. C and H2O
Answer: B. CO and H2O
Which type of hybridization is present in alkanes?
- A. sp
- B. sp2
- C. sp3
- D. sp3d
Answer: C. sp3
Which hydrocarbon has the shortest carbon-carbon bond length?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethene
- C. Ethyne
- D. Propane
Answer: C. Ethyne
What is the name of the simplest cycloalkane?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethane
- C. Cyclopropane
- D. Cyclobutane
Answer: C. Cyclopropane
What is the geometry of methane?
- A. Linear
- B. Tetrahedral
- C. Trigonal planar
- D. Octahedral
Answer: B. Tetrahedral
What are the two types of isomerism exhibited by alkanes?
- A. Chain and Geometrical
- B. Chain and Position
- C. Functional and Chain
- D. Structural and Geometrical
Answer: B. Chain and Position
Which alkane is known as marsh gas?
- A. Ethane
- B. Methane
- C. Propane
- D. Butane
Answer: B. Methane
Which reaction converts alkenes to alkanes?
- A. Substitution
- B. Combustion
- C. Hydrogenation
- D. Oxidation
Answer: C. Hydrogenation
What type of hydrocarbons are aromatic compounds?
- A. Saturated
- B. Unsaturated
- C. Cyclic
- D. Both cyclic and unsaturated
Answer: D. Both cyclic and unsaturated
Which of the following is a polymer of ethene?
- A. Polypropene
- B. Polythene
- C. PVC
- D. Teflon
Answer: B. Polythene
Which reagent is used for the Baeyer's test to detect unsaturation?
- A. Bromine water
- B. KMnO4 solution
- C. NaOH solution
- D. H2SO4
Answer: B. KMnO4 solution
What is the IUPAC name of CH3-CH=CH2?
- A. Propene
- B. Ethene
- C. Butene
- D. Methene
Answer: A. Propene
What is the major product of Markovnikov's addition of HBr to propene?
- A. 1-Bromopropane
- B. 2-Bromopropane
- C. 1,2-Dibromopropane
- D. Bromopropane
Answer: B. 2-Bromopropane
Which catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?
- A. Platinum
- B. Palladium
- C. Nickel
- D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
What is the common name of ethyne?
- A. Ethylene
- B. Acetylene
- C. Methane
- D. Vinyl chloride
Answer: B. Acetylene
What is the hybridization of carbon in ethyne?
- A. sp
- B. sp2
- C. sp3
- D. sp3d
Answer: A. sp
What is the main industrial use of ethyne?
- A. Fuel
- B. Welding
- C. Paint manufacturing
- D. Polymer production
Answer: B. Welding
What type of reaction is the Wurtz reaction?
- A. Substitution
- B. Elimination
- C. Coupling
- D. Addition
Answer: C. Coupling
Which hydrocarbon is used in the preparation of benzene by aromatization?
- A. Propane
- B. Butane
- C. Hexane
- D. Pentane
Answer: C. Hexane
What is the main pollutant produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?
- A. CO2
- B. CO
- C. H2O
- D. CH4
Answer: B. CO
What is the structure of benzene?
- A. Linear
- B. Cyclic with alternating single and double bonds
- C. Cyclic with single bonds
- D. Tetrahedral
Answer: B. Cyclic with alternating single and double bonds
Which hydrocarbon family has the formula CnH2n-2?
- A. Alkanes
- B. Alkenes
- C. Alkynes
- D. Aromatics
Answer: C. Alkynes
What type of isomerism is exhibited by but-1-yne and but-2-yne?
- A. Chain isomerism
- B. Position isomerism
- C. Functional isomerism
- D. Tautomerism
Answer: B. Position isomerism
Which of the following reactions involves the formation of free radicals?
- A. Hydrogenation
- B. Halogenation
- C. Hydration
- D. Ozonolysis
Answer: B. Halogenation
What is the primary product of the combustion of propane?
- A. CH4
- B. CO2 and H2O
- C. CO and H2O
- D. C and H2O
Answer: B. CO2 and H2O
What is the IUPAC name of (CH3)2C=CH2?
- A. 2-Methylprop-1-ene
- B. 2-Methylprop-2-ene
- C. But-2-ene
- D. 2-Methylbutane
Answer: A. 2-Methylprop-1-ene
Which alkane is used as a solvent for dry cleaning?
- A. Propane
- B. Butane
- C. Hexane
- D. Methane
Answer: C. Hexane
Which of the following shows geometrical isomerism?
- A. But-1-ene
- B. But-2-ene
- C. Propene
- D. Ethene
Answer: B. But-2-ene
Which catalyst is used in the industrial preparation of dihydrogen gas from methane?
- A. Nickel
- B. Palladium
- C. Platinum
- D. Molybdenum
Answer: A. Nickel
What is the product when ethene reacts with bromine water?
- A. Ethane
- B. Ethanol
- C. 1,2-Dibromoethane
- D. Bromoethene
Answer: C. 1,2-Dibromoethane
What is the term for the elimination of CO2 from carboxylic acids to form hydrocarbons?
- A. Hydrogenation
- B. Decarboxylation
- C. Dehydration
- D. Hydrolysis
Answer: B. Decarboxylation
Which of the following hydrocarbons is aromatic?
- A. Propene
- B. Ethyne
- C. Benzene
- D. Cyclopentane
Answer: C. Benzene
What type of bonds are present in benzene?
- A. Only single bonds
- B. Only double bonds
- C. Alternating single and double bonds
- D. Triple bonds
Answer: C. Alternating single and double bonds
What happens to alkanes during combustion?
- A. They are reduced to form water
- B. They are oxidized to CO2 and H2O
- C. They form polymers
- D. They undergo substitution
Answer: B. They are oxidized to CO2 and H2O
Which reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution in benzene?
- A. Hydrogenation
- B. Chlorination
- C. Polymerization
- D. Hydrolysis
Answer: B. Chlorination
Which hydrocarbon is produced by the destructive distillation of coal?
- A. Methane
- B. Coal gas
- C. Propane
- D. Ethane
Answer: B. Coal gas
Which product is formed when methane reacts with chlorine in diffused sunlight?
- A. Methyl chloride
- B. Ethane
- C. Benzene
- D. Acetylene
Answer: A. Methyl chloride
Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon?
- A. Ethanol
- B. Propane
- C. Butyne
- D. Ethene
Answer: A. Ethanol
What is the main characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?
- A. High reactivity
- B. High polarity
- C. Conjugated pi-electron system
- D. Strong acidic nature
Answer: C. Conjugated pi-electron system
What type of isomerism is exhibited by CH3-CH=CH-CH3 and CH2=CH-CH2-CH3?
- A. Functional
- B. Geometrical
- C. Chain
- D. Position
Answer: D. Position
Which reaction mechanism is followed during the halogenation of methane?
- A. Electrophilic substitution
- B. Free radical chain mechanism
- C. Nucleophilic substitution
- D. Elimination
Answer: B. Free radical chain mechanism
Which catalyst is used in the isomerization of alkanes?
- A. Anhydrous AlCl3
- B. ZnCl2
- C. Ni
- D. FeCl3
Answer: A. Anhydrous AlCl3
What is the geometry of ethene?
- A. Linear
- B. Tetrahedral
- C. Trigonal planar
- D. Octahedral
Answer: C. Trigonal planar
Which test is used to detect unsaturation in hydrocarbons?
- A. Litmus test
- B. Bromine water test
- C. Tollen’s test
- D. Fehling’s test
Answer: B. Bromine water test
Which hydrocarbon is commonly used for arc welding?
- A. Ethyne
- B. Ethane
- C. Propane
- D. Butane
Answer: A. Ethyne
The reaction of alkynes with HCl produces:
- A. Alkanes
- B. Alkenes
- C. Alkyl halides
- D. Alcohols
Answer: C. Alkyl halides
Which of the following is true for saturated hydrocarbons?
- A. They are reactive
- B. They contain multiple bonds
- C. They contain only single bonds
- D. They are always aromatic
Answer: C. They contain only single bonds
What is the product of Kolbe’s electrolytic method?
- A. Alkenes
- B. Alkanes
- C. Alcohols
- D. Ketones
Answer: B. Alkanes
What is the hybridization of carbon in benzene?
- A. sp
- B. sp2
- C. sp3
- D. sp3d
Answer: B. sp2
Which alkane is known as paraffin?
- A. Methane
- B. Propane
- C. Butane
- D. All alkanes
Answer: D. All alkanes
The addition of HBr to an unsymmetrical alkene follows:
- A. Markovnikov’s rule
- B. Anti-Markovnikov’s rule
- C. Peroxide effect
- D. Zaitsev rule
Answer: A. Markovnikov’s rule
Which hydrocarbon undergoes substitution rather than addition?
- A. Alkanes
- B. Alkenes
- C. Alkynes
- D. Aromatics
Answer: D. Aromatics
Which polymer is formed from propene?
- A. Polyethene
- B. Polypropene
- C. PVC
- D. Teflon
Answer: B. Polypropene
What is the main source of methane in nature?
- A. Petroleum
- B. Natural gas
- C. Coal
- D. Biomass
Answer: B. Natural gas
Which product is formed during the pyrolysis of kerosene?
- A. Methane
- B. Ethene and Propene
- C. Ethyne
- D. Benzene
Answer: B. Ethene and Propene
হাইড্রোকার্বনসের পরিচিতি ও শ্রেণীবিভাগ:
- হাইড্রোকার্বন হলো কার্বন ও হাইড্রোজেনের যৌগ। এটি প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাস, এলপিজি, সিএনজি ইত্যাদির উৎস।
- হাইড্রোকার্বনকে তিনটি প্রধান বিভাগে ভাগ করা যায়: স্যাচুরেটেড (আলকেন), আনস্যাচুরেটেড (আলকিন ও আল্কাইন), এবং অ্যারোমেটিক যৌগ।
আলকেন (Alkanes):
- একক কার্বন-কার্বন বন্ধনী বিশিষ্ট স্যাচুরেটেড যৌগ। উদাহরণ: মিথেন (CH₄), ইথেন (C₂H₆)।
- প্রস্তুতি পদ্ধতি: পেট্রোলিয়াম, প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাস এবং বিভিন্ন রাসায়নিক বিক্রিয়ার মাধ্যমে প্রস্তুত হয়।
- সাধারণ গঠন: CnH₂n+₂।
আলকিন (Alkenes):
- দ্বিগুণ বন্ধনী বিশিষ্ট আনস্যাচুরেটেড যৌগ। উদাহরণ: ইথিন (C₂H₄)।
- রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্য: সহজেই ইলেক্ট্রোফিলিক অ্যাডিশন রিয়্যাকশনে অংশগ্রহণ করে।
- সাধারণ গঠন: CnH₂n।
আল্কাইন (Alkynes):
- ত্রিগুণ বন্ধনী বিশিষ্ট আনস্যাচুরেটেড যৌগ। উদাহরণ: ইথাইন (C₂H₂)।
- প্রস্তুতি পদ্ধতি: ক্যালসিয়াম কার্বাইড এবং জল থেকে উৎপন্ন।
- সাধারণ গঠন: CnH₂n-₂।
অ্যারোমেটিক হাইড্রোকার্বন:
- বেনজিন এবং এর ডেরিভেটিভের বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ।
- অ্যারোমাটিসিটি এবং ইলেক্ট্রোফিলিক সাবস্টিটিউশন রিয়্যাকশনের ব্যাখ্যা।
প্রস্তুতি পদ্ধতি:
- আলকেন ও আল্কাইন তৈরি: পেট্রোলিয়াম উৎপাদন, ডিহাইড্রোজেনেশন, ডিকর্বক্সিলেশন প্রক্রিয়া।
- অ্যারোমেটিক যৌগ তৈরি: অ্যারোমাটাইজেশন প্রক্রিয়া।
রাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্য:
- প্রতিস্থাপন (সাবস্টিটিউশন) এবং অ্যাডিশন রিয়্যাকশন।
- দহন প্রক্রিয়ায় শক্তি উৎপাদন।
- বিশেষ রিয়্যাকশন: Markovnikov এবং Anti-Markovnikov নিয়ম অনুসারে রিয়্যাকশন।
পলিমারাইজেশন:
- পলিথিন, পলিপ্রোপিনের মতো পলিমার তৈরি পদ্ধতি।
- শিল্পে ব্যবহৃত প্লাস্টিক এবং অন্যান্য উপকরণ তৈরির মূল উৎস।
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