Tuesday, November 26, 2024

Unit 7 Business studies: Directing, HS 2nd year Commerce

     

Part 1: Basics of Directing

  1. What does "Directing" in management primarily involve?
    a) Planning
    b) Organizing
    c) Leading and guiding
    d) Controlling
    Answer: c) Leading and guiding

  2. Which characteristic of directing emphasizes that it flows from top to bottom in an organization?
    a) Initiates action
    b) Continuous process
    c) Managerial hierarchy
    d) Top-down flow
    Answer: d) Top-down flow

  3. What is NOT a main characteristic of directing?
    a) Continuous process
    b) Only performed by top executives
    c) Initiates action
    d) Flows through the hierarchy
    Answer: b) Only performed by top executives

  4. Directing ensures:
    a) Instructions are ignored
    b) Goals are misunderstood
    c) Actions are aligned with objectives
    d) Resources are wasted
    Answer: c) Actions are aligned with objectives

Part 2: Importance of Directing

  1. Which of the following highlights directing as crucial for an organization?
    a) It eliminates all barriers
    b) It integrates individual efforts for organizational goals
    c) It removes employee autonomy
    d) It halts organizational change
    Answer: b) It integrates individual efforts for organizational goals

  2. Effective directing helps reduce:
    a) Communication
    b) Stability
    c) Resistance to change
    d) Innovation
    Answer: c) Resistance to change

  3. Directing fosters ___________ in the organization.
    a) Autocracy
    b) Division
    c) Stability and cooperation
    d) Isolation
    Answer: c) Stability and cooperation

Part 3: Principles of Directing

  1. The principle of maximum individual contribution emphasizes:
    a) Group work over individual efforts
    b) Harnessing untapped employee potential
    c) Punishment-driven efficiency
    d) Managerial independence
    Answer: b) Harnessing untapped employee potential

  2. Which principle avoids conflict by ensuring instructions come from one superior only?
    a) Unity of Direction
    b) Unity of Command
    c) Maximum Contribution
    d) Follow-through
    Answer: b) Unity of Command

  3. Using informal organizations in directing can:
    a) Disrupt formal processes
    b) Enhance communication and cooperation
    c) Replace leadership
    d) Complicate managerial tasks
    Answer: b) Enhance communication and cooperation

Part 4: Supervision

  1. What is the primary role of supervision?
    a) Punishing workers
    b) Maintaining equipment
    c) Overseeing and guiding worker activities
    d) Hiring employees
    Answer: c) Overseeing and guiding worker activities

  2. Supervisors act as a link between:
    a) Customers and suppliers
    b) Workers and management
    c) Departments and competitors
    d) Workers and unions
    Answer: b) Workers and management

  3. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective supervision?
    a) Improved group unity
    b) Greater absenteeism
    c) On-the-job training
    d) Higher morale among workers
    Answer: b) Greater absenteeism

Part 5: Motivation

  1. What does motivation aim to achieve?
    a) Reduce employee potential
    b) Create laziness in workers
    c) Stimulate goal-directed behavior
    d) Diminish organizational goals
    Answer: c) Stimulate goal-directed behavior

  2. Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with:
    a) Self-actualization needs
    b) Safety needs
    c) Esteem needs
    d) Physiological needs
    Answer: d) Physiological needs

  3. According to Maslow, esteem needs include:
    a) Job security
    b) Self-respect and recognition
    c) Affiliation and belongingness
    d) Basic salary
    Answer: b) Self-respect and recognition

  4. Which type of motivation involves punishments or penalties?
    a) Positive motivation
    b) Negative motivation
    c) Financial incentives
    d) Intrinsic rewards
    Answer: b) Negative motivation

  5. What is an example of a financial incentive?
    a) Job security
    b) Status
    c) Profit-sharing
    d) Recognition
    Answer: c) Profit-sharing

  6. Which of the following is a non-financial incentive?
    a) Salary increments
    b) Career advancement opportunities
    c) Bonus payments
    d) Profit-sharing
    Answer: b) Career advancement opportunities

  7. Job enrichment focuses on:
    a) Assigning repetitive tasks
    b) Reducing responsibilities
    c) Increasing autonomy and variety in tasks
    d) Limiting employee participation
    Answer: c) Increasing autonomy and variety in tasks

Part 6: Leadership

  1. Leadership is the process of:
    a) Controlling people using authority
    b) Influencing others to achieve goals
    c) Avoiding interpersonal relations
    d) Following orders from superiors
    Answer: b) Influencing others to achieve goals

  2. What is the key feature of democratic leadership?
    a) High degree of control by leaders
    b) Full delegation of tasks
    c) Encouraging participation in decision-making
    d) Avoiding responsibilities
    Answer: c) Encouraging participation in decision-making

  3. An autocratic leader typically uses:
    a) Delegation
    b) Laissez-faire methods
    c) Rewards and punishments
    d) Consensus-building
    Answer: c) Rewards and punishments

  4. Laissez-faire leadership provides:
    a) Absolute control by leaders
    b) Maximum autonomy to subordinates
    c) Minimal independence for workers
    d) Strict supervision of tasks
    Answer: b) Maximum autonomy to subordinates

  5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective leadership?
    a) Conflict resolution
    b) Increased resistance to change
    c) Improved employee morale
    d) Achievement of organizational goals
    Answer: b) Increased resistance to change

Part 7: Communication

  1. What is the first element in the communication process?
    a) Receiver
    b) Encoding
    c) Sender
    d) Feedback
    Answer: c) Sender

  2. What does encoding refer to in communication?
    a) Understanding the message
    b) Converting ideas into symbols or words
    c) Providing feedback
    d) Transmitting information to the wrong person
    Answer: b) Converting ideas into symbols or words

  3. Noise in communication refers to:
    a) Any sound that accompanies a message
    b) A feedback mechanism
    c) Hindrance in the communication process
    d) A type of formal communication
    Answer: c) Hindrance in the communication process

  4. Grapevine communication is a form of:
    a) Vertical communication
    b) Informal communication
    c) Written communication
    d) Lateral communication
    Answer: b) Informal communication

  5. An example of horizontal communication is:
    a) Orders from a CEO to employees
    b) Information shared between department heads
    c) Subordinates reporting to a manager
    d) Customers discussing with employees
    Answer: b) Information shared between department heads

  6. Which of the following is NOT a barrier to communication?
    a) Semantic barriers
    b) Psychological barriers
    c) High employee morale
    d) Organizational structure
    Answer: c) High employee morale

  7. In the grapevine cluster network, individuals communicate with:
    a) Everyone
    b) Only trusted individuals
    c) Random employees
    d) A strict sequence of contacts
    Answer: b) Only trusted individuals

  8. Which measure can improve communication effectiveness?
    a) Rigid rules and procedures
    b) Use of unclear language
    c) Encouraging feedback
    d) Avoiding follow-up communications
    Answer: c) Encouraging feedback

  9. Effective communication enhances:
    a) Workplace conflicts
    b) Managerial efficiency
    c) Misunderstandings
    d) Employee dissatisfaction
    Answer: b) Managerial efficiency

Part 8: Barriers to Communication

  1. Semantic barriers arise due to:
    a) Psychological issues
    b) Technical jargon or unclear expressions
    c) Mismanagement
    d) Employee training programs
    Answer: b) Technical jargon or unclear expressions

  2. Psychological barriers include:
    a) Premature evaluation of messages
    b) Language differences
    c) Improper encoding
    d) Noise in communication channels
    Answer: a) Premature evaluation of messages

  3. Organizational barriers include:
    a) Personal emotions
    b) Poor retention of messages
    c) Cumbersome procedures
    d) Lack of listening skills
    Answer: c) Cumbersome procedures

  4. Personal barriers in communication may arise due to:
    a) Distrust among employees
    b) Technological issues
    c) Clear feedback systems
    d) Organizational policies
    Answer: a) Distrust among employees

  5. What is a way to overcome communication barriers?
    a) Using unclear jargon
    b) Avoiding employee involvement
    c) Consulting others before communicating
    d) Discouraging feedback
    Answer: c) Consulting others before communicating

Part 9: Miscellaneous

  1. What is the ultimate goal of directing?
    a) Reducing employee engagement
    b) Achieving organizational objectives
    c) Increasing managerial authority
    d) Limiting employee communication
    Answer: b) Achieving organizational objectives

  2. An employee reward system that motivates through stock options is an example of:
    a) Non-financial incentive
    b) Financial incentive
    c) Job enrichment
    d) Grapevine communication
    Answer: b) Financial incentive

  3. In Maslow's hierarchy, what comes after physiological and safety needs?
    a) Esteem needs
    b) Belongingness needs
    c) Self-actualization
    d) Security needs
    Answer: b) Belongingness needs

Part 10: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  1. Maslow’s theory assumes that:
    a) All needs motivate equally
    b) A satisfied need no longer motivates
    c) Self-actualization needs are least important
    d) Employees value financial rewards above all
    Answer: b) A satisfied need no longer motivates

  2. Safety needs in Maslow’s hierarchy include:
    a) Hunger and thirst
    b) Recognition and status
    c) Job security and pension plans
    d) Friendship and belongingness
    Answer: c) Job security and pension plans

  3. Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?
    a) Job stability
    b) Appreciation from peers
    c) Achieving personal growth and fulfillment
    d) Comfortable housing
    Answer: c) Achieving personal growth and fulfillment

  4. Which level of need involves friendship and belonging?
    a) Physiological needs
    b) Safety needs
    c) Affiliation needs
    d) Esteem needs
    Answer: c) Affiliation needs

Part 11: Financial Incentives

  1. What does profit-sharing aim to achieve?
    a) Financial loss compensation
    b) Employee ownership of the company
    c) Motivation through shared success
    d) Reduction of production costs
    Answer: c) Motivation through shared success

  2. Retirement benefits act as an incentive by:
    a) Reducing current workload
    b) Providing financial security post-retirement
    c) Promoting informal communication
    d) Avoiding job dissatisfaction
    Answer: b) Providing financial security post-retirement

  3. Which of the following is NOT a financial incentive?
    a) Profit-sharing
    b) Stock options
    c) Status recognition
    d) Bonus
    Answer: c) Status recognition

  4. Stock options create a sense of:
    a) Ownership
    b) Job insecurity
    c) Wage stagnation
    d) Professional indifference
    Answer: a) Ownership

Part 12: Non-Financial Incentives

  1. Non-financial incentives aim to:
    a) Reduce salaries
    b) Provide psychological and emotional satisfaction
    c) Replace financial benefits
    d) Focus only on low-level needs
    Answer: b) Provide psychological and emotional satisfaction

  2. Job enrichment provides:
    a) Higher autonomy and personal growth opportunities
    b) Lower-level tasks and responsibilities
    c) Fewer career advancement opportunities
    d) Standardized training sessions
    Answer: a) Higher autonomy and personal growth opportunities

  3. An employee promotion typically fulfills which need?
    a) Basic physiological needs
    b) Safety needs
    c) Esteem needs
    d) Self-actualization needs
    Answer: c) Esteem needs

  4. Recognition of an employee’s work is an example of:
    a) Financial incentive
    b) Non-financial incentive
    c) Safety need
    d) Job insecurity
    Answer: b) Non-financial incentive

  5. Employee participation in decision-making is an example of:
    a) Job security
    b) Status-based incentive
    c) Employee empowerment
    d) Laissez-faire leadership
    Answer: c) Employee empowerment

Part 13: Leadership Styles

  1. Autocratic leadership works best when:
    a) Subordinates are highly skilled
    b) Quick decisions are needed
    c) Employees prefer independence
    d) Collaboration is required
    Answer: b) Quick decisions are needed

  2. Democratic leadership encourages:
    a) Centralized authority
    b) Employee participation in decision-making
    c) Strict adherence to hierarchy
    d) Disregard for group opinions
    Answer: b) Employee participation in decision-making

  3. Laissez-faire leadership may lead to:
    a) Increased employee independence
    b) Reduced decision-making freedom
    c) Overbearing supervision
    d) Decline in creativity
    Answer: a) Increased employee independence

  4. Which leadership style focuses on minimal intervention?
    a) Autocratic
    b) Democratic
    c) Laissez-faire
    d) Authoritarian
    Answer: c) Laissez-faire

  5. Which leadership style is ideal for motivating creative teams?
    a) Autocratic
    b) Laissez-faire
    c) Centralized
    d) Bureaucratic
    Answer: b) Laissez-faire

Part 14: Communication Networks

  1. In a single-chain communication network, messages flow:
    a) From one person to all subordinates
    b) Linearly through a hierarchy
    c) Randomly across the organization
    d) Without involving a superior
    Answer: b) Linearly through a hierarchy

  2. Which communication network uses the leader as the central hub?
    a) Circular
    b) Wheel
    c) Free flow
    d) Inverted V
    Answer: b) Wheel

  3. Which network allows all individuals to communicate freely?
    a) Wheel
    b) Free flow
    c) Inverted V
    d) Single chain
    Answer: b) Free flow

  4. In informal communication, the most common network is:
    a) Single chain
    b) Grapevine
    c) Vertical
    d) Horizontal
    Answer: b) Grapevine

  5. The cluster network in grapevine communication is based on:
    a) Random interaction
    b) Trusted connections
    c) Strict hierarchy
    d) Linear flow
    Answer: b) Trusted connections

Part 15: Communication Barriers

  1. Semantic barriers occur due to:
    a) Technical jargon
    b) Trust issues
    c) Improper timing of communication
    d) Lack of feedback mechanisms
    Answer: a) Technical jargon

  2. What psychological barrier can distort message perception?
    a) Preconceived notions
    b) Clear language
    c) Organizational transparency
    d) Frequent feedback
    Answer: a) Preconceived notions

  3. Which organizational barrier involves rigid rules?
    a) Psychological distrust
    b) Complex hierarchy
    c) Lack of informal communication
    d) Excessive autonomy
    Answer: b) Complex hierarchy

  4. Distrust between sender and receiver is an example of:
    a) Organizational barrier
    b) Semantic barrier
    c) Personal barrier
    d) Communication channel barrier
    Answer: c) Personal barrier

  5. A major cause of communication breakdown is:
    a) Proper encoding
    b) Ambiguous messages
    c) Effective supervision
    d) Improved collaboration
    Answer: b) Ambiguous messages

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