Tuesday, November 26, 2024

Unit 5 Business studies: Organising, HS 2nd year Commerce

 

General Concepts of Organizing

  1. What does the organizing function primarily ensure?

    • A) Decision-making
    • B) Goal attainment
    • C) Profit maximization
    • D) Resource allocation
      Answer: B
  2. Which company is used as a case study to explain the importance of organizing?

    • A) ONGC
    • B) Wipro Technologies
    • C) McNeil Consumer Healthcare
    • D) Accenture
      Answer: B
  3. Organizing can be defined as:

    • A) Allocation of resources for goal attainment.
    • B) Initiation of plan implementation.
    • C) Assignment of duties and relationships.
    • D) All of the above.
      Answer: D
  4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of organizing?

    • A) Establishing authority relationships
    • B) Clarifying tasks and roles
    • C) Resource wastage
    • D) Integration of efforts
      Answer: C
  5. Which is the first step in the process of organizing?

    • A) Departmentalization
    • B) Identification of work
    • C) Assignment of duties
    • D) Establishing reporting relationships
      Answer: B

Steps in the Process of Organizing

  1. What is the purpose of departmentalization?

    • A) Assigning duties randomly
    • B) Grouping similar activities
    • C) Creating reporting hierarchies
    • D) Eliminating duplication of work
      Answer: B
  2. What is essential to match during the assignment of duties?

    • A) Budget and roles
    • B) Employee skills and job requirements
    • C) Departmental goals
    • D) Authority and accountability
      Answer: B
  3. What does establishing reporting relationships help in?

    • A) Hierarchical clarity
    • B) Cost minimization
    • C) Employee promotion
    • D) Creativity enhancement
      Answer: A
  4. Which of the following is NOT a step in the organizing process?

    • A) Identification of work
    • B) Distribution of profits
    • C) Departmentalization
    • D) Establishing authority relationships
      Answer: B
  5. How does organizing eliminate ambiguity?

    • A) By increasing wages
    • B) Through clear role definitions
    • C) By conducting regular meetings
    • D) Through informal communication
      Answer: B

Importance of Organizing

  1. Which of the following is a benefit of specialization through organizing?

    • A) Employee flexibility
    • B) Reduced productivity
    • C) Efficient task performance
    • D) High absenteeism
      Answer: C
  2. How does organizing facilitate adaptation to changes?

    • A) By avoiding new projects
    • B) Through resource wastage
    • C) By modifying interrelationships
    • D) By increasing bureaucracy
      Answer: C
  3. Which aspect of organizing boosts effective administration?

    • A) Delegation of roles
    • B) Flexibility in structures
    • C) Role clarity and reporting
    • D) Informal interaction
      Answer: C
  4. What is a major advantage of organizing?

    • A) Encouraging functional empires
    • B) Avoiding resource optimization
    • C) Ensuring smooth coordination
    • D) Creating competition among departments
      Answer: C
  5. How does organizing impact personnel development?

    • A) Limits their responsibilities
    • B) Increases task duplication
    • C) Encourages creativity and skill development
    • D) Reduces delegation opportunities
      Answer: C

Formal vs Informal Organization

  1. What is the primary characteristic of a formal organization?

    • A) Fluid communication
    • B) Emphasis on social needs
    • C) Defined authority structure
    • D) Unstructured operations
      Answer: C
  2. Which statement about informal organizations is true?

    • A) They follow rigid rules.
    • B) They emerge spontaneously.
    • C) They are created by management.
    • D) They are only applicable to small companies.
      Answer: B
  3. Informal organizations primarily fulfill which need of employees?

    • A) Financial
    • B) Social
    • C) Promotional
    • D) Educational
      Answer: B
  4. Which is a limitation of a formal organization?

    • A) Provides role clarity
    • B) Procedural delays
    • C) Encourages creativity
    • D) Reduces conflicts
      Answer: B
  5. What is a disadvantage of informal organizations?

    • A) Fast communication
    • B) Resistance to organizational changes
    • C) Supports formal structure
    • D) Fulfills employee social needs
      Answer: B

Functional and Divisional Structures

  1. Functional structure is based on:

    • A) Geographical areas
    • B) Similar job functions
    • C) Diverse product lines
    • D) Independent units
      Answer: B
  2. Which of the following is an advantage of divisional structure?

    • A) Reduced flexibility
    • B) Product specialization
    • C) Increased task overlap
    • D) No accountability
      Answer: B
  3. What is a key limitation of the functional structure?

    • A) Encourages managerial development
    • B) Coordination difficulties across departments
    • C) Promotes cost-efficiency
    • D) Facilitates duplication of work
      Answer: B
  4. Which structure promotes integration of efforts for product lines?

    • A) Divisional structure
    • B) Formal structure
    • C) Functional structure
    • D) Informal structure
      Answer: A
  5. What leads to flexibility in divisional structures?

    • A) Centralized operations
    • B) Autonomous units
    • C) Informal communication
    • D) Functional specialization
      Answer: B


Delegation and Decentralization

  1. What does delegation primarily involve?
  • A) Transfer of ownership
  • B) Assignment of tasks without authority
  • C) Downward transfer of authority and responsibility
  • D) Redistribution of profits
    Answer: C
  1. Which of the following is NOT an element of delegation?
  • A) Authority
  • B) Responsibility
  • C) Accountability
  • D) Centralization
    Answer: D
  1. In delegation, authority flows from:
  • A) Subordinate to superior
  • B) Top to bottom
  • C) Lateral relationships
  • D) Management to customers
    Answer: B
  1. What is the primary benefit of decentralization?
  • A) More control by top management
  • B) Faster decision-making at lower levels
  • C) Reduced managerial responsibilities
  • D) Greater coordination among departments
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of decentralization?
  • A) More effective control
  • B) Increased complexity in coordination
  • C) Reduced employee motivation
  • D) Lower decision-making speed
    Answer: B
  1. Which statement best defines decentralization?
  • A) The concentration of decision-making power at the top levels of management
  • B) The dispersion of decision-making authority throughout the organization
  • C) The total removal of decision-making from lower levels
  • D) Giving more control to external consultants
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is an example of decentralization in an organization?
  • A) A company’s headquarters makes all decisions regarding product design
  • B) The marketing department decides the promotional strategies independently
  • C) All decisions are made by a central committee
  • D) Managers have to report all decisions to top management
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a benefit of delegation?
  • A) Increased managerial workload
  • B) Empowerment of employees
  • C) Reduction in the scope of authority
  • D) Overloaded decision-making at the top levels
    Answer: B
  1. In delegation, who remains accountable for the final results of a task?
  • A) The subordinate
  • B) The superior
  • C) The department head
  • D) External consultants
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is true about authority in delegation?
  • A) Authority is never delegated
  • B) Authority cannot be taken back once delegated
  • C) Authority flows downward from the superior to the subordinate
  • D) Authority is granted by subordinates
    Answer: C

Organizational Structures: Functional vs Divisional

  1. Which of the following is an advantage of a functional structure?
  • A) Encourages interdepartmental collaboration
  • B) Promotes specialization and efficiency
  • C) Increases decision-making speed
  • D) Leads to higher flexibility
    Answer: B
  1. Which organizational structure would be best suited for a company with multiple product lines that requires flexibility?
  • A) Functional structure
  • B) Divisional structure
  • C) Informal structure
  • D) Hierarchical structure
    Answer: B
  1. In a functional structure, employees are grouped based on:
  • A) Product lines
  • B) Geographic areas
  • C) Their specific job functions
  • D) Customer type
    Answer: C
  1. Which is a key disadvantage of a divisional structure?
  • A) Better product specialization
  • B) Duplication of efforts across divisions
  • C) Enhanced decision-making
  • D) Increased coordination between functions
    Answer: B
  1. A divisional structure is most suitable for:
  • A) Small organizations with a limited number of functions
  • B) Large organizations with multiple product lines or markets
  • C) Organizations focused on a single product
  • D) Centralized organizations
    Answer: B
  1. What is a common problem in functional structures?
  • A) Increased interdepartmental cooperation
  • B) Lack of specialized skills
  • C) Interdepartmental conflicts and poor coordination
  • D) Higher levels of flexibility and autonomy
    Answer: C
  1. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a divisional structure?
  • A) Product specialization
  • B) Increased accountability
  • C) Economies of scale
  • D) Duplication of resources
    Answer: D
  1. A company that uses a divisional structure would likely have divisions based on:
  • A) Job functions such as marketing or finance
  • B) Product types or geographical areas
  • C) Seniority levels
  • D) Employee skill levels
    Answer: B
  1. In a functional structure, the performance of each department is assessed:
  • A) On the basis of overall organizational performance
  • B) By the division heads
  • C) By product line profitability
  • D) Through interdepartmental reviews
    Answer: A
  1. Which of the following best describes a divisional structure?
  • A) A structure where each department is highly specialized
  • B) A structure based on product lines, each operating as a separate business unit
  • C) A structure where managers have little decision-making authority
  • D) A structure that uses a single centralized unit for decision making
    Answer: B

Formal vs Informal Organization

  1. Which of the following describes a key characteristic of a formal organization?
  • A) It develops organically through social interactions
  • B) It focuses on informal relationships and employee bonding
  • C) It is intentionally designed by management with specific roles and authority
  • D) It has no defined structure
    Answer: C
  1. Which of the following is an example of informal organization?
  • A) A company’s hierarchical reporting structure
  • B) Employees forming social groups in the cafeteria
  • C) Defined channels for task delegation
  • D) A formal training program for new employees
    Answer: B
  1. A formal organization primarily focuses on:
  • A) Enhancing social connections
  • B) Task coordination and role clarity
  • C) Informal problem-solving
  • D) Promoting employee creativity
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of informal organization?
  • A) Clear role specification
  • B) Faster communication and feedback
  • C) Strict adherence to rules
  • D) Enhanced decision-making authority
    Answer: B
  1. A disadvantage of informal organization is:
  • A) It promotes faster decision making
  • B) It may lead to rumors and misinformation
  • C) It creates clear authority lines
  • D) It strengthens formal policies
    Answer: B

Delegation vs Decentralization

  1. Which of the following is true about delegation?
  • A) It involves the complete transfer of authority to subordinates
  • B) It is a broader policy decision made by the top management
  • C) It is a short-term strategy for managing daily tasks
  • D) It helps a manager focus on high-priority tasks by assigning less critical ones
    Answer: D
  1. Decentralization refers to:
  • A) The act of centralizing all decision-making authority
  • B) Dispersing decision-making authority to lower management levels
  • C) Transferring only routine tasks to lower management
  • D) Delegating specific tasks without authority
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of decentralization?
  • A) Empowerment of lower management
  • B) Reduced need for supervision
  • C) Concentration of decision-making at the top
  • D) Increased speed of decision-making
    Answer: C
  1. Delegation differs from decentralization in that delegation is:
  • A) A one-time event
  • B) A process primarily used for empowering lower management
  • C) Limited to specific tasks within a department
  • D) A philosophy of distributing decision-making authority
    Answer: C
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of decentralization?
  • A) More control by top management
  • B) Slower decision-making process
  • C) Greater flexibility and faster decision-making at lower levels
  • D) Higher coordination between departments
    Answer: C

Types of Organizational Structures

  1. Which type of organizational structure groups activities on the basis of functions such as marketing, production, and finance?
  • A) Divisional structure
  • B) Matrix structure
  • C) Functional structure
  • D) Team-based structure
    Answer: C
  1. A company that organizes its work around product lines such as electronics, clothing, and food would most likely adopt which type of structure?
  • A) Functional structure
  • B) Divisional structure
  • C) Informal structure
  • D) Flat structure
    Answer: B
  1. In a functional structure, coordination across departments can be a challenge due to:
  • A) Increased specialization
  • B) A narrow span of management
  • C) Lack of clear responsibilities
  • D) The rigid nature of the structure
    Answer: A
  1. Which of the following organizational structures is best suited for a company with a variety of products that require different operational units?
  • A) Functional structure
  • B) Matrix structure
  • C) Divisional structure
  • D) Centralized structure
    Answer: C
  1. What is the main advantage of the matrix structure?
  • A) Clear hierarchical lines
  • B) Enhanced flexibility and coordination across functions
  • C) Centralized decision-making
  • D) Simplified communication
    Answer: B

Departmentalization

  1. Which of the following is NOT a common basis for departmentalization?
  • A) Territory
  • B) Product
  • C) Skill level
  • D) Function
    Answer: C
  1. When a company organizes its departments based on geographic locations such as North, South, and West regions, this is known as:
  • A) Product departmentalization
  • B) Territorial departmentalization
  • C) Functional departmentalization
  • D) Customer-based departmentalization
    Answer: B
  1. A company that organizes its work based on the specific products it manufactures, like electronics and apparel, is using which form of departmentalization?
  • A) Functional departmentalization
  • B) Product departmentalization
  • C) Geographic departmentalization
  • D) Customer departmentalization
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of departmentalization by function?
  • A) Easier coordination across diverse product lines
  • B) More focus on specialized tasks within departments
  • C) Increased duplication of efforts
  • D) Enhanced autonomy of departments
    Answer: B
  1. Which type of departmentalization allows the company to better address specific customer needs?
  • A) Product departmentalization
  • B) Customer departmentalization
  • C) Geographic departmentalization
  • D) Functional departmentalization
    Answer: B

Authority and Responsibility

  1. In an organizational hierarchy, authority refers to:
  • A) The ability to perform tasks independently
  • B) The right to issue commands and expect compliance
  • C) The responsibility for achieving departmental goals
  • D) The obligation to report performance to higher management
    Answer: B
  1. What is the relationship between authority and responsibility in delegation?
  • A) Authority should exceed responsibility
  • B) Authority should be equal to responsibility
  • C) Responsibility is granted without authority
  • D) Authority and responsibility are separate in the delegation process
    Answer: B
  1. Accountability in the delegation process means that a subordinate is:
  • A) Responsible for completing tasks assigned
  • B) Answerable for the outcome of tasks
  • C) Empowered to make decisions independently
  • D) Relieved of the responsibility for completing tasks
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is true regarding the delegation of authority?
  • A) Authority can be transferred, but responsibility cannot
  • B) Both authority and responsibility are delegated to subordinates
  • C) Responsibility is delegated but not authority
  • D) Authority and responsibility cannot be separated
    Answer: A
  1. If a subordinate fails to complete a delegated task, who is ultimately accountable?
  • A) The subordinate
  • B) The superior who delegated the task
  • C) The department head
  • D) Top management
    Answer: B

Centralization and Decentralization

  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a centralized organization?
  • A) Decision-making authority is distributed to all levels
  • B) Top management retains the decision-making power
  • C) Employees are encouraged to make autonomous decisions
  • D) Lower-level managers have considerable decision-making power
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is an advantage of decentralization?
  • A) Reduced autonomy for lower management
  • B) Faster decision-making at lower levels
  • C) Greater control by top management
  • D) Slow adaptation to changes
    Answer: B
  1. A company with centralized decision-making is most likely to experience:
  • A) Increased employee satisfaction
  • B) Delays in decision-making
  • C) Greater autonomy at the lower levels
  • D) Increased flexibility
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of decentralization?
  • A) Faster decision-making
  • B) Better customer service
  • C) Difficulty in coordinating across departments
  • D) Greater control by top management
    Answer: C
  1. When should an organization choose centralization over decentralization?
  • A) When quick decision-making is essential
  • B) When uniformity in decision-making across the organization is needed
  • C) When local managers have more knowledge than top management
  • D) When the company has diversified operations
    Answer: B

Delegation in Management

  1. Delegation is most effective when:
  • A) The subordinate has more authority than the superior
  • B) The subordinate is given the freedom to make key decisions
  • C) The authority granted is less than the responsibility
  • D) The authority granted matches the responsibility assigned
    Answer: D
  1. Which of the following is a key benefit of delegation for managers?
  • A) It reduces the scope of the manager’s authority
  • B) It helps managers focus on more strategic tasks
  • C) It limits the responsibilities of lower management
  • D) It hinders the development of managerial skills
    Answer: B
  1. What is the main reason a manager might fail to delegate tasks?
  • A) Lack of trust in subordinates
  • B) Unwillingness to train employees
  • C) Desire for more authority
  • D) All of the above
    Answer: D
  1. Which of the following is NOT a necessary element in the delegation process?
  • A) Assigning responsibility
  • B) Transferring authority
  • C) Establishing clear accountability
  • D) Avoiding feedback and control
    Answer: D
  1. Delegation can help in the development of employees by:
  • A) Providing them with more autonomy and decision-making authority
  • B) Making them accountable for their supervisor’s tasks
  • C) Reducing their involvement in decision-making
  • D) Limiting their scope of responsibility
    Answer: A

Performance in Delegation

  1. Effective delegation leads to which of the following?
  • A) Overloaded management
  • B) Increased productivity and innovation
  • C) Increased decision-making delays
  • D) Reduced employee satisfaction
    Answer: B
  1. A manager’s primary role in delegation is to:
  • A) Assume full responsibility for subordinates' tasks
  • B) Monitor and review the progress of tasks assigned
  • C) Relinquish all authority to subordinates
  • D) Avoid involvement in subordinates' work
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a sign that delegation has failed?
  • A) Employees take ownership of their tasks
  • B) The manager still has to make all decisions
  • C) Employees are satisfied with their work
  • D) Subordinates have a high degree of autonomy
    Answer: B
  1. In delegation, the responsibility for the final outcome always rests with:
  • A) The subordinate
  • B) The superior
  • C) The department head
  • D) The team leader
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is the first step in the delegation process?
  • A) Assigning responsibility
  • B) Setting deadlines
  • C) Granting authority
  • D) Monitoring progress
    Answer: A

Comparative Structures and Management

  1. Which organizational structure is most likely to support rapid decision-making at all levels?
  • A) Centralized structure
  • B) Functional structure
  • C) Divisional structure
  • D) Decentralized structure
    Answer: D
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of functional structure?
  • A) Specialized roles within departments
  • B) Clear lines of authority and communication
  • C) Increased flexibility in decision-making
  • D) Reduced interdepartmental coordination
    Answer: C
  1. Which organizational structure can become highly complex as the organization grows and diversifies?
  • A) Functional structure
  • B) Divisional structure
  • C) Matrix structure
  • D) Informal structure
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a matrix structure?
  • A) Clear division of labor
  • B) Increased complexity and confusion
  • C) Faster decision-making processes
  • D) Simplified communication channels
    Answer: B
  1. Which structure is ideal for companies with multiple product lines and geographically dispersed operations?
  • A) Functional structure
  • B) Divisional structure
  • C) Centralized structure
  • D) Informal structure
    Answer: B

Organizational Design and Structure

  1. Which organizational structure is best suited for a company that focuses on a single product or service?
  • A) Divisional structure
  • B) Functional structure
  • C) Matrix structure
  • D) Team-based structure
    Answer: B
  1. What is the main disadvantage of a functional structure when an organization diversifies into multiple products?
  • A) It promotes flexibility and autonomy
  • B) It results in functional empires and poor interdepartmental coordination
  • C) It simplifies decision-making processes
  • D) It reduces specialization in functions
    Answer: B
  1. In a divisional structure, divisions are typically formed based on which of the following?
  • A) Functions such as marketing or finance
  • B) Products, services, or geographical locations
  • C) Job skills or competencies
  • D) The authority and hierarchy within the organization
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is a key benefit of decentralization?
  • A) Reduced decision-making speed
  • B) Greater autonomy and quicker responses to local needs
  • C) Increased concentration of power at the top levels
  • D) Limited responsibility at lower levels of management
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following best defines decentralization?
  • A) The delegation of all authority to a single individual
  • B) The transfer of decision-making power to the highest levels of management
  • C) The delegation of decision-making authority to lower levels of the hierarchy
  • D) The removal of authority and responsibility from managers
    Answer: C

Delegation and Accountability

  1. Which of the following statements is true about delegation?
  • A) Delegation involves giving both authority and responsibility to subordinates
  • B) Once authority is delegated, the superior is no longer accountable for the outcome
  • C) Delegation eliminates the need for regular monitoring and feedback
  • D) Delegation always results in increased employee workload
    Answer: A
  1. In delegation, what is the relationship between authority and responsibility?
  • A) Responsibility is delegated, but authority cannot be transferred
  • B) Authority and responsibility should always be separated
  • C) Authority must always exceed responsibility for effective delegation
  • D) Authority and responsibility must be aligned for proper delegation
    Answer: D
  1. Which of the following is a primary goal of delegation in management?
  • A) To reduce the authority of top-level managers
  • B) To increase the workload of employees at lower levels
  • C) To empower employees and free up time for managers to focus on strategic tasks
  • D) To increase the power of the central management
    Answer: C
  1. In an organization practicing decentralization, decision-making authority is likely to be:
  • A) Centralized at the top level only
  • B) Given to the lowest levels of the hierarchy closest to the point of action
  • C) Equal across all management levels
  • D) Limited to the department heads only
    Answer: B
  1. Which of the following is an example of a task that should be delegated by a manager?
  • A) Deciding the overall business strategy
  • B) Making routine operational decisions that do not require high-level authority
  • C) Approving the company’s annual budget
  • D) Managing critical customer relations
    Answer: B

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