Set 1: General Marketing Concepts
What is the primary focus of marketing as a social process?
- A. Manufacturing quality products
- B. Selling at low prices
- C. Satisfying needs and wants of individuals and groups
- D. Managing production costs
Answer: C
Which of the following activities is NOT considered a marketing activity?
- A. Product designing
- B. Production scheduling
- C. Branding
- D. Advertising
Answer: B
Who defined marketing as a social process where individuals and groups obtain what they need through creating and exchanging products and services?
- A. Philip Kotler
- B. Peter Drucker
- C. Theodore Levitt
- D. Michael Porter
Answer: A
What term refers to all actual and potential buyers of a product?
- A. Market offering
- B. Market
- C. Target audience
- D. Demand group
Answer: B
What is the first step in understanding customer needs and wants in marketing?
- A. Creating a market offering
- B. Conducting market research
- C. Designing the product
- D. Setting the price
Answer: B
Set 2: Marketing Mix and Functions
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 Ps of marketing?
- A. Product
- B. Price
- C. Planning
- D. Promotion
Answer: C
The term 'market offering' includes all EXCEPT:
- A. Quality
- B. Brand
- C. Distribution channels
- D. Factory setup
Answer: D
Which function of marketing involves gathering and analyzing information about customer needs?
- A. Marketing planning
- B. Standardization
- C. Market research
- D. Warehousing
Answer: C
What element of the marketing mix involves deciding the pricing strategy for a product?
- A. Place
- B. Product
- C. Promotion
- D. Price
Answer: D
Which of the following is an example of a service being marketed?
- A. A toothpaste
- B. A mobile phone
- C. A legal consultation
- D. A designer dress
Answer: C
Set 3: Consumer Behavior and Markets
What motivates consumers to engage in marketing activities?
- A. The need to satisfy wants and needs
- B. Lower prices
- C. Access to international markets
- D. Availability of goods in abundance
Answer: A
Which type of product is purchased frequently and with minimal effort?
- A. Shopping product
- B. Specialty product
- C. Convenience product
- D. Industrial product
Answer: C
In terms of durability, which category do refrigerators belong to?
- A. Non-durable products
- B. Durable products
- C. Specialty products
- D. Services
Answer: B
What does the term 'specialty products' refer to?
- A. Frequently purchased items
- B. Products with unique features or strong brand loyalty
- C. Low-cost everyday goods
- D. Items bought for resale
Answer: B
Which market concept focuses on customer satisfaction as the key to achieving business success?
- A. Production concept
- B. Selling concept
- C. Marketing concept
- D. Societal marketing concept
Answer: C
Set 4: Branding and Packaging
What is branding primarily used for in marketing?
- A. Standardizing products
- B. Identifying and differentiating products
- C. Reducing production costs
- D. Improving after-sales services
Answer: B
What is a legally protected brand or part of a brand called?
- A. Trademark
- B. Brand mark
- C. Label
- D. Logo
Answer: A
Which of the following is NOT a function of packaging?
- A. Product protection
- B. Product identification
- C. Increasing manufacturing costs
- D. Facilitating product use
Answer: C
What type of packaging is designed for storage and transportation?
- A. Primary packaging
- B. Secondary packaging
- C. Transportation packaging
- D. Promotional packaging
Answer: C
Which level of packaging refers to the product’s immediate container?
- A. Secondary packaging
- B. Primary packaging
- C. Transportation packaging
- D. Promotional packaging
Answer: B
Set 5: Price and Distribution
Which pricing objective focuses on maintaining market share leadership?
- A. Maximizing short-term profits
- B. Attaining product quality leadership
- C. Surviving in competitive markets
- D. Capturing a larger market share
Answer: D
What is a key function of physical distribution in marketing?
- A. Creating advertisements
- B. Setting product prices
- C. Managing inventory and transportation
- D. Designing product features
Answer: C
What does warehousing aim to achieve in marketing?
- A. Reducing product costs
- B. Ensuring smooth flow of goods
- C. Promoting goods
- D. Enhancing product features
Answer: B
Which component of physical distribution deals with moving goods to different locations?
- A. Warehousing
- B. Transportation
- C. Packaging
- D. Promotion
Answer: B
What is a critical factor influencing product price determination?
- A. Advertising expenses
- B. Market research techniques
- C. Product costs and competition
- D. Consumer education
Answer: C
Set 6: Marketing Management and Philosophies
What does marketing management involve?
- A. Planning and executing production
- B. Managing customer needs through marketing functions
- C. Evaluating competitors' weaknesses only
- D. Controlling product quality during manufacturing
Answer: B
Which marketing concept emphasizes the integration of societal well-being with customer satisfaction?
- A. Selling concept
- B. Production concept
- C. Societal marketing concept
- D. Marketing mix
Answer: C
Which marketing philosophy was dominant during the industrial revolution?
- A. Product concept
- B. Production concept
- C. Selling concept
- D. Societal marketing concept
Answer: B
What is the primary focus of the selling concept?
- A. High-quality production
- B. Aggressive sales techniques to persuade buyers
- C. Customer satisfaction
- D. Societal welfare
Answer: B
Which of the following is the starting point of the marketing concept?
- A. The factory
- B. Customer needs
- C. Product affordability
- D. Distribution efficiency
Answer: B
Set 7: Marketing Processes and Strategies
What is the essence of marketing, as defined in terms of its key mechanism?
- A. Selling and advertising
- B. Product exchange
- C. Customer retention
- D. Value addition
Answer: B
What is the first condition required for an exchange to occur in marketing?
- A. Aggressive selling
- B. At least two parties capable of offering something of value
- C. High-quality product
- D. Customer education
Answer: B
Which component of the marketing mix ensures products are available where customers need them?
- A. Price
- B. Product
- C. Place
- D. Promotion
Answer: C
What is the purpose of a well-planned market offering?
- A. To provide features that match customer preferences
- B. To focus only on low-cost products
- C. To design products without prior research
- D. To ensure maximum profit for the seller
Answer: A
What term describes the perception of a product's worth relative to its cost?
- A. Product cost
- B. Utility
- C. Customer value
- D. Market demand
Answer: C
Set 8: Products and Their Classifications
Which classification of consumer products involves extensive buying decisions and price comparisons?
- A. Convenience products
- B. Shopping products
- C. Specialty products
- D. Industrial products
Answer: B
What type of products are soap and toothpaste examples of?
- A. Durable products
- B. Non-durable products
- C. Specialty products
- D. Industrial products
Answer: B
What type of product is purchased to produce other goods or services?
- A. Consumer product
- B. Specialty product
- C. Industrial product
- D. Durable product
Answer: C
What feature distinguishes shopping products from convenience products?
- A. High frequency of purchase
- B. Need for detailed comparison by buyers
- C. Higher emotional value
- D. Limited brand options
Answer: B
Which classification of industrial goods includes lubricants and office supplies?
- A. Capital items
- B. Materials and parts
- C. Maintenance and repair supplies
- D. Component materials
Answer: C
Set 9: Branding, Packaging, and Labelling
What aspect of branding includes names like Coca-Cola and Nike?
- A. Brand mark
- B. Brand name
- C. Trademark
- D. Generic name
Answer: B
What does the process of grading in marketing help achieve?
- A. Enhancing brand loyalty
- B. Classifying products based on quality and size
- C. Reducing costs of production
- D. Developing new product lines
Answer: B
What is a primary role of labelling on products?
- A. Protecting goods during transportation
- B. Communicating information about the product
- C. Enhancing product durability
- D. Standardizing product features
Answer: B
Which packaging level is designed for storage and handling during transportation?
- A. Primary packaging
- B. Secondary packaging
- C. Transportation packaging
- D. Product differentiation packaging
Answer: C
Which function of packaging makes it easier for customers to use the product?
- A. Product differentiation
- B. Protection from damage
- C. Facilitating use
- D. Brand promotion
Answer: C
Set 10: Promotion and Physical Distribution
Which element of promotion uses price discounts and free samples?
- A. Personal selling
- B. Advertising
- C. Publicity
- D. Sales promotion
Answer: D
What is the goal of public relations in promotion?
- A. Increasing immediate sales
- B. Building a positive image of the company
- C. Lowering product prices
- D. Focusing on only target customers
Answer: B
Which physical distribution activity ensures goods are delivered accurately and on time?
- A. Inventory management
- B. Order processing
- C. Transportation
- D. Warehousing
Answer: B
What does inventory management aim to achieve in physical distribution?
- A. Enhancing packaging quality
- B. Maintaining optimal stock levels
- C. Increasing manufacturing speed
- D. Reducing promotion expenses
Answer: B
Which activity within physical distribution focuses on moving goods from production to customers?
- A. Advertising
- B. Warehousing
- C. Transportation
- D. Branding
Answer: C
Set 11: Marketing Mix
Which element of the marketing mix involves designing products based on customer preferences?
- A. Place
- B. Product
- C. Price
- D. Promotion
Answer: B
Which pricing strategy is used to increase market share by setting a low price initially?
- A. Penetration pricing
- B. Skimming pricing
- C. Value-based pricing
- D. Competitive pricing
Answer: A
What does the "Place" component in the marketing mix ensure?
- A. Products are affordable
- B. Products are available at the right location
- C. Products have superior quality
- D. Products have appealing packaging
Answer: B
Which promotional tool involves direct communication between the sales team and potential customers?
- A. Advertising
- B. Personal selling
- C. Sales promotion
- D. Public relations
Answer: B
What is the primary goal of the marketing mix?
- A. Reducing costs
- B. Achieving product differentiation
- C. Creating superior value for customers
- D. Enhancing advertising reach
Answer: C
Set 12: Customer Satisfaction and Value
What is the primary role of marketing in creating customer satisfaction?
- A. Developing high-cost products
- B. Understanding and fulfilling customer needs
- C. Increasing production capacity
- D. Focusing only on promotion
Answer: B
Which aspect of marketing focuses on customer retention through after-sales services?
- A. Branding
- B. Customer support services
- C. Distribution channels
- D. Advertising
Answer: B
What does customer value refer to in marketing?
- A. The price of the product
- B. The perception of benefits relative to cost
- C. The promotional budget
- D. The utility of the product
Answer: B
Which factor is a key determinant of a buyer's decision-making process?
- A. Distribution channels
- B. Competitive advertising
- C. Perceived customer value
- D. Product branding
Answer: C
What is the primary focus of the societal marketing concept?
- A. Immediate sales growth
- B. Long-term consumer and societal well-being
- C. Low-cost product development
- D. Aggressive promotional techniques
Answer: B
Set 13: Types of Products
Which of the following is an example of a specialty product?
- A. Soap
- B. Luxury car
- C. Pens
- D. Milk
Answer: B
What is a defining feature of durable products?
- A. High frequency of purchase
- B. Tangibility and long-term use
- C. Inelastic demand
- D. Need for special transportation
Answer: B
What are non-durable products characterized by?
- A. High durability
- B. Consumption in one or few uses
- C. High unit cost
- D. Minimal packaging requirements
Answer: B
Which category of industrial goods includes elevators and mainframe computers?
- A. Maintenance supplies
- B. Installations
- C. Operating supplies
- D. Component materials
Answer: B
What type of products are maintenance and repair supplies like paint and nails?
- A. Component parts
- B. Supplies and business services
- C. Industrial parts
- D. Manufactured materials
Answer: B
Set 14: Pricing Strategies
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting product pricing?
- A. Product cost
- B. Government regulations
- C. Market demand
- D. Employee wages
Answer: D
What does skimming pricing focus on?
- A. Attracting price-sensitive customers
- B. Maximizing initial profits
- C. Maintaining low production costs
- D. Offering discounts to consumers
Answer: B
What type of pricing is commonly used in competitive markets?
- A. Cost-plus pricing
- B. Competitive pricing
- C. Premium pricing
- D. Dynamic pricing
Answer: B
Which pricing objective focuses on capturing larger market share?
- A. Quality leadership
- B. Market penetration
- C. Competitive parity
- D. Profit maximization
Answer: B
How does the law of demand typically affect pricing decisions?
- A. Lower prices decrease demand
- B. Higher prices increase demand
- C. Lower prices increase demand
- D. Prices have no effect on demand
Answer: C
Set 15: Physical Distribution
Which component of physical distribution ensures goods are available on time?
- A. Branding
- B. Warehousing
- C. Order processing
- D. Transportation
Answer: C
What is the main purpose of transportation in physical distribution?
- A. Enhancing product durability
- B. Moving goods from production to sales points
- C. Designing marketing plans
- D. Ensuring product affordability
Answer: B
Why is warehousing important in marketing?
- A. To lower product costs
- B. To match production with seasonal demand
- C. To eliminate transportation delays
- D. To improve product quality
Answer: B
What does inventory management aim to achieve?
- A. Reduce product costs
- B. Balance stock levels with demand
- C. Focus on production efficiency
- D. Reduce warehousing needs
Answer: B
What is the final step in the physical distribution process?
- A. Warehousing
- B. Inventory management
- C. Delivery to customers
- D. Order processing
Answer: C
Set 16: Marketing Philosophies
Which philosophy emphasizes producing goods efficiently and in large quantities?
- A. Product concept
- B. Production concept
- C. Selling concept
- D. Marketing concept
Answer: B
What does the product concept prioritize for business success?
- A. Efficient production processes
- B. Customer satisfaction
- C. Continuous product improvement
- D. Aggressive sales techniques
Answer: C
Which concept focuses on customer needs and satisfaction as a priority?
- A. Selling concept
- B. Product concept
- C. Marketing concept
- D. Production concept
Answer: C
Which marketing philosophy emphasizes long-term societal welfare?
- A. Marketing concept
- B. Selling concept
- C. Societal marketing concept
- D. Product concept
Answer: C
What does the selling concept assume about customers?
- A. They will buy only if aggressively persuaded
- B. They prioritize quality over price
- C. They seek ethical marketing practices
- D. They prefer a variety of product options
Answer: A
Set 17: Functions of Marketing
Which function of marketing involves gathering customer insights?
- A. Standardization
- B. Branding
- C. Market research
- D. Pricing
Answer: C
Which function ensures the uniformity and consistency of products?
- A. Branding
- B. Grading
- C. Standardization
- D. Packaging
Answer: C
What does product designing primarily aim to achieve?
- A. Enhancing production speed
- B. Attracting target customers
- C. Reducing costs
- D. Increasing durability
Answer: B
Which function includes activities like branding and advertising?
- A. Pricing
- B. Promotion
- C. Product distribution
- D. Customer support services
Answer: B
What is the primary goal of after-sales services?
- A. Maximizing product affordability
- B. Ensuring customer satisfaction and loyalty
- C. Reducing production costs
- D. Promoting brand name
Answer: B
Set 18: Branding and Packaging
What part of branding includes a distinctive logo or design?
- A. Brand name
- B. Brand mark
- C. Trademark
- D. Generic name
Answer: B
What is a critical function of packaging in modern marketing?
- A. Protecting goods during storage
- B. Enhancing product utility
- C. Promoting the product at the point of sale
- D. All of the above
Answer: D
What is one reason self-service outlets have increased the importance of packaging?
- A. Limited customer interaction with staff
- B. Reduced advertising costs
- C. Lower production quality
- D. Focus on product functionality
Answer: A
What is the primary purpose of a product label?
- A. Improving product durability
- B. Providing detailed information about the product
- C. Reducing packaging costs
- D. Enhancing visual appeal only
Answer: B
What is a key advantage of branding for consumers?
- A. Reduces product price
- B. Helps identify and differentiate products
- C. Simplifies product design
- D. Ensures uniform distribution
Answer: B
Set 19: Promotion and Advertising
Which form of promotion is typically non-personal and paid for?
- A. Advertising
- B. Personal selling
- C. Public relations
- D. Sales promotion
Answer: A
Which promotional tool involves encouraging short-term buying behavior?
- A. Personal selling
- B. Advertising
- C. Publicity
- D. Sales promotion
Answer: D
What is the focus of public relations in marketing?
- A. Creating advertisements
- B. Building a positive image of the company
- C. Directly selling to customers
- D. Increasing inventory levels
Answer: B
What is a benefit of personal selling?
- A. Enhances customer interaction and persuasion
- B. Reduces marketing costs
- C. Ensures wider audience reach
- D. Eliminates the need for promotion
Answer: A
What is the main goal of promotion in the marketing mix?
- A. Reducing product costs
- B. Informing and persuading customers to buy
- C. Simplifying distribution processes
- D. Enhancing product durability
Answer: B
Set 20: Marketing Mix and Decision Making
What does the concept of the "4 Ps" include?
- A. People, Process, Planning, Performance
- B. Product, Price, Place, Promotion
- C. Product, Planning, Promotion, People
- D. Price, Place, Planning, Promotion
Answer: B
Which marketing mix element focuses on distribution and logistics?
- A. Promotion
- B. Place
- C. Product
- D. Price
Answer: B
What is the role of pricing in the marketing mix?
- A. Setting advertising budgets
- B. Determining the perceived value of the product
- C. Choosing distribution channels
- D. Developing promotional strategies
Answer: B
Which marketing decision involves selecting channels to reach customers?
- A. Product
- B. Place
- C. Price
- D. Promotion
Answer: B
What is the main objective of marketing mix decisions?
- A. Reducing operational costs
- B. Enhancing production capacity
- C. Achieving customer satisfaction and organizational goals
- D. Maximizing advertising efforts
Answer: C
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