Chapter 6: "Bases and Direction of Human Behaviour":
Which psychologist established behaviourism as a new school of psychology in 1913?
- A) Wilhelm Wundt
- B) Carl Rogers
- C) John Broadus Watson
- D) William James
- Answer: C) John Broadus Watson
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is considered a higher-level need?
- A) Physiological needs
- B) Safety needs
- C) Esteem needs
- D) Food needs
- Answer: C) Esteem needs
What is the primary driving force behind instinctive activities, as defined by psychologists?
- A) Education
- B) Social influences
- C) Psycho-physical impulses
- D) Environmental adaptations
- Answer: C) Psycho-physical impulses
What is the primary purpose of ‘catharsis’ in managing instinctive reactions?
- A) Repress harmful instincts
- B) Encourage repressed emotions to be expressed
- C) Substitute instincts with socially acceptable activities
- D) Suppress instincts through disciplinary measures
- Answer: B) Encourage repressed emotions to be expressed
According to Freud, which type of instinct includes tendencies toward aggression and self-destructive behaviors?
- A) Life instinct
- B) Ego instinct
- C) Death instinct
- D) Social instinct
- Answer: C) Death instinct
Which concept refers to a natural, unlearned behavior pattern that helps organisms respond to their environment?
- A) Habit
- B) Instinct
- C) Reflex
- D) Drive
- Answer: B) Instinct
In Maslow's hierarchy, what need is fulfilled by achieving self-actualization?
- A) Basic physiological needs
- B) Esteem needs
- C) Social belongingness needs
- D) Development of personal potential
- Answer: D) Development of personal potential
Which method is recommended to encourage modification of instinctive reactions by reinforcing positive outcomes and discouraging negative behaviors?
- A) Catharsis
- B) Sublimation
- C) Principle of pleasure and pain
- D) Complete freedom
- Answer: C) Principle of pleasure and pain
What term best describes the 'internal drive' that directs a person towards a goal, as discussed in motivational psychology?
- A) Instinct
- B) Need
- C) Motive
- D) Habit
- Answer: C) Motive
Which of the following is considered a quasi-instinct, lacking specific emotional or bodily expression?
- A) Fear
- B) Imitation
- C) Anger
- D) Joy
- Answer: B) Imitation
Which of the following describes a learned behavior that has become automatic over time?
- A) Instinct
- B) Habit
- C) Reflex
- D) Drive
- Answer: B) Habit
Which concept in psychology refers to the immediate reaction to a stimulus that is involuntary and not controlled by thought?
- A) Habit
- B) Reflex
- C) Motivation
- D) Instinct
- Answer: B) Reflex
According to Freud, which component of the psyche is responsible for moral judgment and conscience?
- A) Id
- B) Ego
- C) Super-ego
- D) Instinct
- Answer: C) Super-ego
The psychological concept of sublimation involves:
- A) Blocking unpleasant memories
- B) Channeling instinctive impulses into socially acceptable behaviors
- C) Forgetting traumatic events
- D) Reacting aggressively to frustrations
- Answer: B) Channeling instinctive impulses into socially acceptable behaviors
Which need is considered a basic, lower-level need in Maslow’s hierarchy?
- A) Self-actualization
- B) Esteem
- C) Love and belongingness
- D) Physiological needs
- Answer: D) Physiological needs
In psychology, a 'drive' refers to:
- A) A biological or psychological urge that motivates action
- B) An automatic response to a stimulus
- C) A habitual behavior pattern
- D) A state of emotional excitement
- Answer: A) A biological or psychological urge that motivates action
Who introduced the concept of self-actualization as a part of human needs?
- A) Sigmund Freud
- B) John Watson
- C) Abraham Maslow
- D) Carl Rogers
- Answer: C) Abraham Maslow
Which of the following behaviors would most likely be a result of the death instinct according to Freud's theory?
- A) Creativity
- B) Social cooperation
- C) Aggression
- D) Happiness
- Answer: C) Aggression
According to motivational theories, intrinsic motivation arises from:
- A) External rewards
- B) Internal desires and satisfaction
- C) Social approval
- D) Peer pressure
- Answer: B) Internal desires and satisfaction
Which of the following behaviors exemplifies the concept of catharsis in psychology?
- A) Practicing relaxation techniques
- B) Suppressing anger
- C) Expressing feelings through art or music
- D) Ignoring one’s emotions
- Answer: C) Expressing feelings through art or music
Which of the following describes Freud's concept of the 'Id'?
- A) The rational part of the mind that mediates between desires and reality
- B) The component of personality concerned with moral standards
- C) The unconscious source of basic drives and instincts
- D) The conscious self that engages in social activities
- Answer: C) The unconscious source of basic drives and instincts
What term refers to a learned association between a stimulus and a response that was originally neutral?
- A) Conditioning
- B) Instinct
- C) Drive
- D) Habit
- Answer: A) Conditioning
Which of the following is a characteristic of Maslow's 'self-actualized' individuals?
- A) They seek external approval for self-worth
- B) They are focused primarily on physical needs
- C) They strive to reach their full potential and creativity
- D) They are motivated by material success
- Answer: C) They strive to reach their full potential and creativity
The concept of 'imitation' as a behavior is best described as:
- A) A fundamental survival instinct
- B) A reaction to physical stimuli
- C) A quasi-instinct that lacks emotional expression
- D) An automatic response without any learning
- Answer: C) A quasi-instinct that lacks emotional expression
Freud's theory suggests that the ‘Ego’ functions primarily to:
- A) Pursue immediate pleasure without restraint
- B) Enforce moral standards
- C) Balance between desires of the Id and the demands of reality
- D) Express socially unacceptable desires
- Answer: C) Balance between desires of the Id and the demands of reality
What is a key feature of a 'drive' in motivational psychology?
- A) It is always conscious
- B) It is an unlearned response pattern
- C) It initiates behavior aimed at fulfilling a need
- D) It involves only physiological needs
- Answer: C) It initiates behavior aimed at fulfilling a need
Which psychologist is associated with the principle that behavior can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement?
- A) Sigmund Freud
- B) John Watson
- C) B.F. Skinner
- D) Carl Jung
- Answer: C) B.F. Skinner
The defense mechanism known as 'projection' involves:
- A) Reverting to childlike behaviors
- B) Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others
- C) Denying the existence of unpleasant realities
- D) Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one
- Answer: B) Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which need must be satisfied before a person can focus on esteem needs?
- A) Self-actualization needs
- B) Belongingness and love needs
- C) Cognitive needs
- D) Physiological needs
- Answer: B) Belongingness and love needs
In psychological terms, which of the following best defines an 'incentive'?
- A) An innate drive to fulfill physiological needs
- B) An external reward that motivates behavior
- C) A response to a conditioned stimulus
- D) An unconscious instinctual drive
- Answer: B) An external reward that motivates behavior
MCQ Education: HS 1st Year and CTET Exam Preparation
Are you preparing for HS 1st Year exams or the CTET (Central Teacher Eligibility Test)? Mastering Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) is essential for excelling in these exams. This guide provides effective tips, resources, and strategies to help you prepare and achieve success.
What Are MCQs?
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) require you to choose the correct option from a list of answers. They test your knowledge, comprehension, and problem-solving skills across various subjects.
- In HS 1st Year, subjects like Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and English often include MCQs in their exams.
- In CTET, MCQs test your teaching aptitude, pedagogy understanding, and subject-specific knowledge.
How to Excel in MCQs for HS 1st Year Exams
Understand the Syllabus
- Break down your syllabus into smaller, manageable topics.
- Prioritize chapters with higher weightage in exams.
Practice Regularly
- Solve past papers and sample questions to improve speed and accuracy.
- Use online platforms and study apps for subject-wise MCQ quizzes.
Focus on Conceptual Clarity
- Avoid rote learning; understand concepts deeply.
- Relate theoretical knowledge to practical applications.
Time Management
- Allocate time wisely while practicing.
- Use timers to simulate exam conditions.
Effective Strategies for CTET MCQ Preparation
Familiarize Yourself with the Exam Pattern
- CTET includes two papers:
- Paper 1: For teaching classes I-V.
- Paper 2: For teaching classes VI-VIII.
- Both papers are MCQ-based, with no negative marking.
- CTET includes two papers:
Target Core Subjects
- Focus on Child Development and Pedagogy, Language I & II, Mathematics, Environmental Studies (Paper 1), and Science/Social Studies (Paper 2).
Solve Mock Tests
- Take regular mock tests to analyze your performance.
- Review your mistakes and learn from them.
Revise Regularly
- Use flashcards for quick revisions.
- Summarize key points for subjects like pedagogy and language.
Best Resources for HS 1st Year and CTET MCQs
Books
- NCERT Textbooks for HS 1st Year subjects.
- CTET guidebooks from publishers like Arihant or Disha Publications.
Online Platforms
- Websites like BYJU’s, Unacademy, and Examveda offer free MCQ practice.
- Download apps for daily quizzes and mock tests.
YouTube Tutorials
- Subscribe to educational channels for topic-wise explanations.
Key Benefits of MCQ Practice
- Improves retention and recall ability.
- Helps identify weak areas in your preparation.
- Boosts confidence for real exam scenarios.
With consistent effort and the right resources, mastering MCQs for HS 1st Year and CTET exams is achievable. Start your preparation today and stay ahead in your academic journey!
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