1. What is the primary process occurring during the S phase of the cell cycle?
A. Chromosomal alignment at the equatorial plate
B. DNA synthesis and replication
C. Cell cytoplasm division
D. Chromosome condensation
Answer: B. DNA synthesis and replication
2. During which phase do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: B. Metaphase
3. Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the splitting of centromeres and separation of chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C. Anaphase
4. What is the function of the quiescent stage (G₀) in the cell cycle?
A. DNA replication
B. Cell growth and metabolism
C. Cells enter a non-dividing state
D. Separation of sister chromatids
Answer: C. Cells enter a non-dividing state
5. What is the key difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?
A. Animal cells form a cell plate, while plant cells form a furrow.
B. Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a furrow.
C. Plant cells divide by mitosis only, while animal cells divide by meiosis only.
D. Animal cells lack spindle fibers during cytokinesis.
Answer: B. Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a furrow.
6. Which event is specific to meiosis and not mitosis?
A. Separation of sister chromatids
B. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
C. Chromosome condensation
D. Alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate
Answer: B. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
7. What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
A. Production of haploid gametes
B. Reduction of chromosome number by half
C. Growth and repair of tissues
D. Increasing genetic variability
Answer: C. Growth and repair of tissues
8. In which substage of prophase I of meiosis does crossing over occur?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Pachytene
D. Diplotene
Answer: C. Pachytene
9. What marks the transition from prophase to metaphase in mitosis?
A. Dissolution of the nuclear envelope
B. Formation of the metaphase plate
C. Initiation of spindle fiber formation
D. Splitting of centromeres
Answer: A. Dissolution of the nuclear envelope
10. What is the significance of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?
A. Increase in the chromosome number of gametes
B. Maintenance of chromosome number across generations
C. Equational division of chromosomes
D. Continuous cell growth without division
Answer: B. Maintenance of chromosome number across generations
11. What is the duration of the cell cycle in human cells under normal conditions?
A. 12 hours
B. 24 hours
C. 48 hours
D. 90 minutes
Answer: B. 24 hours
12. Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the reformation of the nuclear envelope?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: D. Telophase
13. In animal cells, when does centriole duplication occur?
A. G₁ phase
B. S phase
C. G₂ phase
D. M phase
Answer: B. S phase
14. What type of cell division occurs in male honeybees?
A. Mitotic division in diploid cells
B. Mitotic division in haploid cells
C. Meiotic division in haploid cells
D. No cell division occurs
Answer: B. Mitotic division in haploid cells
15. What is the sequence of stages during nuclear division in mitosis?
A. Prophase → Metaphase → Telophase → Anaphase
B. Metaphase → Prophase → Anaphase → Telophase
C. Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase
D. Telophase → Anaphase → Prophase → Metaphase
Answer: C. Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase
16. Which structure forms during cytokinesis in plant cells?
A. Spindle fibers
B. Cleavage furrow
C. Cell plate
D. Synaptonemal complex
Answer: C. Cell plate
17. What is the chromosome number in a cell during the G₁ phase of mitosis if the diploid number is 16?
A. 8
B. 16
C. 32
D. 4
Answer: B. 16
18. During which phase of prophase I of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents?
A. Leptotene
B. Zygotene
C. Pachytene
D. Diakinesis
Answer: B. Zygotene
19. What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?
A. Separation of sister chromatids
B. Separation of homologous chromosomes
C. Formation of the nuclear envelope
D. Alignment of chromosomes at the equatorial plate
Answer: B. Separation of homologous chromosomes
20. Which of the following statements is true about mitosis?
A. It results in the formation of haploid daughter cells.
B. It occurs in gamete-forming cells.
C. It produces genetically identical daughter cells.
D. It reduces the chromosome number by half.
Answer: C. It produces genetically identical daughter cells.
21. What marks the end of prophase in mitosis?
A. Chromosome condensation begins.
B. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear.
C. Chromosomes align at the equator.
D. Chromatids move to opposite poles.
Answer: B. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear.
22. Which of the following phases is referred to as the "resting phase" in the cell cycle?
A. G₀ phase
B. G₁ phase
C. S phase
D. G₂ phase
Answer: A. G₀ phase
23. What is the end product of meiosis?
A. Two diploid cells
B. Two haploid cells
C. Four haploid cells
D. Four diploid cells
Answer: C. Four haploid cells
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