2nd unit - Freedom
### 1. According to the text, the struggle for freedom represents:
- (a) Desire to control others' lives
- (b) Desire to control one’s own life and destiny
- (c) Desire to dominate others
- (d) Desire to follow only traditional rules
**Answer**: (b) Desire to control one’s own life and destiny
### 2. Nelson Mandela’s autobiography is titled:
- (a) Freedom from Fear
- (b) My Experiments with Truth
- (c) Long Walk to Freedom
- (d) The Story of My Life
**Answer**: (c) Long Walk to Freedom
### 3. Aung San Suu Kyi's concept of freedom is mainly focused on freedom from:
- (a) Colonialism
- (b) Physical captivity
- (c) Fear
- (d) Economic inequality
**Answer**: (c) Fear
### 4. In Indian political thought, the concept similar to freedom is:
- (a) Dharma
- (b) Swaraj
- (c) Ahimsa
- (d) Satyagraha
**Answer**: (b) Swaraj
### 5. According to Gandhiji’s view in *Hind Swaraj*, Swaraj means:
- (a) Political independence only
- (b) Rule over others
- (c) Rule over oneself
- (d) Absolute freedom without constraints
**Answer**: (c) Rule over oneself
### 6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of restriction on freedom in the text?
- (a) Colonial rule
- (b) Democratic governance
- (c) Economic inequality
- (d) Caste system
**Answer**: (b) Democratic governance
### 7. Subhas Chandra Bose's idea of freedom includes:
- (a) Only freedom from foreign rule
- (b) Only economic freedom
- (c) All-round freedom for every individual and society
- (d) Freedom for men only
**Answer**: (c) All-round freedom for every individual and society
### 8. In the text, the negative dimension of freedom is defined as:
- (a) Absence of external constraints
- (b) Presence of government restrictions
- (c) Power over others
- (d) Community rule over individuals
**Answer**: (a) Absence of external constraints
### 9. Liberalism, as a political ideology, gives priority to:
- (a) Community values over individual liberty
- (b) Individual liberty over values like equality
- (c) Equality over freedom
- (d) State intervention in all aspects
**Answer**: (b) Individual liberty over values like equality
### 10. According to the text, freedom is valuable because:
- (a) It removes all constraints
- (b) It allows us to make choices and exercise judgment
- (c) It is a way to control others
- (d) It eliminates social responsibilities
**Answer**: (b) It allows us to make choices and exercise judgment
### MCQs on the Harm Principle and Liberty
11. **According to John Stuart Mill, the main reason to restrict individual liberty is:**
- A. To protect social norms
- B. To prevent self-harm
- C. To prevent harm to others
- D. To promote equality
**Answer:** C. To prevent harm to others
12. **Mill’s 'harm principle' distinguishes between which two types of actions?**
- A. Positive and negative actions
- B. Voluntary and involuntary actions
- C. Self-regarding and other-regarding actions
- D. Public and private actions
**Answer:** C. Self-regarding and other-regarding actions
13. **When should, according to Mill, legal constraints be applied?**
- A. For minor harm
- B. Only in cases of serious harm to others
- C. To prevent all types of harm
- D. To ensure individual compliance with social norms
**Answer:** B. Only in cases of serious harm to others
14. **What does Mill suggest should be the response to minor harm caused by others, such as playing loud music?**
- A. Legal punishment
- B. Social disapproval
- C. Physical restraint
- D. Ignoring the behavior
**Answer:** B. Social disapproval
15. **The term 'reasonable restrictions' in the Indian constitution refers to:**
- A. Constraints that are backed by religious authority
- B. Restrictions that are balanced and defendable by reason
- C. Legal punishments for self-regarding actions
- D. Limitations set by educational institutions only
**Answer:** B. Restrictions that are balanced and defendable by reason
### MCQs on Dress Code and Freedom
16. **The imposition of a dress code in certain professions (e.g., cricket players wearing white) is an example of:**
- A. Negative liberty
- B. Positive liberty
- C. Reasonable restriction
- D. Unreasonable constraint
**Answer:** C. Reasonable restriction
17. **Which of the following would be an example of a restriction that might be argued as excessive?**
- A. A school uniform requirement
- B. A government-mandated national dress code
- C. Professional dress guidelines for sports
- D. Cultural attire requirements during festivals
**Answer:** B. A government-mandated national dress code
### MCQs on Negative and Positive Liberty
18. **Negative liberty is primarily concerned with:**
- A. Freedom to participate in decision-making
- B. An area of non-interference
- C. Economic equality
- D. Mandatory social rules
**Answer:** B. An area of non-interference
19. **Positive liberty refers to:**
- A. Having the freedom from external interference
- B. The right to avoid societal obligations
- C. The ability to govern oneself and expand opportunities
- D. An unchanging set of individual rights
**Answer:** C. The ability to govern oneself and expand opportunities
20. **In political theory, 'freedom to' is associated with:**
- A. Positive liberty
- B. Negative liberty
- C. Restricted liberty
- D. Conditional liberty
**Answer:** A. Positive liberty
### MCQs on Freedom of Expression
21. **John Stuart Mill argued that freedom of expression should be allowed even if ideas seem false because:**
- A. It encourages blind acceptance of norms
- B. False ideas have no value
- C. Opposing views help in the emergence of truth
- D. Conflict is unnecessary for truth
**Answer:** C. Opposing views help in the emergence of truth
22. **Mill’s defense of freedom of expression suggests that banning books:**
- A. Ensures societal harmony
- B. Is harmful to the long-term freedom of society
- C. Promotes positive liberty
- D. Protects national interests
**Answer:** B. Is harmful to the long-term freedom of society
23. **The concept of “reasonable restrictions” in terms of freedom of expression implies:**
- A. All ideas can be freely shared without any limitations
- B. Restrictions must be rational, proportional, and defendable
- C. Freedom of expression is absolute
- D. Ideas that are unapproved must always be censored
**Answer:** B. Restrictions must be rational, proportional, and defendable
### 24. What does freedom fundamentally represent?
- A. The absence of social responsibilities
- B. The ability to influence others' choices
- C. The desire to control one's own life and destiny
- D. The willingness to impose one's views on society
**Answer**: C. The desire to control one's own life and destiny
### 25. Which principle allows interference with personal liberty only to prevent harm to others?
- A. Harm Principle
- B. Non-violence Principle
- C. Social Equality Principle
- D. Self-Control Principle
**Answer**: A. Harm Principle
### 26. According to the document, "Swaraj" in Indian political thought combines which two concepts?
- A. Rule over society and rule of the government
- B. Self-respect and obedience to the state
- C. Self-rule and rule over self
- D. Freedom from all laws
**Answer**: C. Self-rule and rule over self
### 27. Which thinker is known for the quote, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"?
- A. John Stuart Mill
- B. Voltaire
- C. Mahatma Gandhi
- D. Aung San Suu Kyi
**Answer**: B. Voltaire
### 28. Which of the following is an example of a "self-regarding" action according to John Stuart Mill's Harm Principle?
- A. Starting a loud campaign in a public park
- B. Publishing an article that insults another person
- C. Practicing a hobby in private that affects no one else
- D. Organizing a rally without permission
**Answer**: C. Practicing a hobby in private that affects no one else
### 29. What is the difference between negative and positive liberty?
- A. Negative liberty is about the ability to perform actions, while positive liberty is about expressing opinions.
- B. Negative liberty refers to the absence of external constraints, while positive liberty refers to the expansion of opportunities.
- C. Negative liberty applies only to personal actions, while positive liberty applies to group actions.
- D. Negative liberty is enforced by law, while positive liberty is a personal choice.
**Answer**: B. Negative liberty refers to the absence of external constraints, while positive liberty refers to the expansion of opportunities.
### 30. According to Nelson Mandela's "Long Walk to Freedom," what was his primary struggle against?
- A. Economic inequality
- B. Colonialism in Asia
- C. Apartheid and racial segregation in South Africa
- D. Religious intolerance
**Answer**: C. Apartheid and racial segregation in South Africa
### 31. Who viewed freedom as "freedom from fear" and emphasized the importance of living a dignified life free from fear?
- A. Nelson Mandela
- B. Mahatma Gandhi
- C. Subhas Chandra Bose
- D. Aung San Suu Kyi
**Answer**: D. Aung San Suu Kyi
### 32. What is a common reason for the need for social constraints in a society?
- A. To eliminate all disagreements and conflicts
- B. To ensure individuals have complete freedom
- C. To settle disputes and maintain order
- D. To allow unrestricted freedom of expression
**Answer**: C. To settle disputes and maintain order
### 33. What does "reasonable restriction" on freedom imply?
- A. Imposing any limitation without justification
- B. Limiting freedoms in ways that can be logically defended and not excessive
- C. Completely restricting freedom for the common good
- D. Allowing complete freedom without any restrictions
**Answer**: B. Limiting freedoms in ways that can be logically defended and not excessive
### 34. Which of the following best describes "positive liberty"?
- A. Freedom from all social and legal constraints
- B. Having the opportunity to develop one’s potential within society
- C. Ability to act without any interference from others
- D. Freedom from any responsibilities
**Answer**: B. Having the opportunity to develop one’s potential within society
### 35. Which social system is mentioned in the document as an example of a constraint on freedom?
- A. Capitalism
- B. The caste system
- C. Feudalism
- D. Bureaucracy
**Answer**: B. The caste system
### 36. Subhas Chandra Bose’s vision of freedom included which of the following?
- A. Emancipation from political control only
- B. Freedom only for the wealthy
- C. Equality, elimination of caste, and social justice
- D. Freedom with limitations only for women
**Answer**: C. Equality, elimination of caste, and social justice
### 37. In which of the following cases does John Stuart Mill argue for social disapproval rather than legal interference?
- A. Serious physical harm
- B. Harm from major theft
- C. Minor inconvenience, such as loud music
- D. Fraud that harms multiple people
**Answer**: C. Minor inconvenience, such as loud music
### 38. Which of the following thinkers contributed to the concept of positive liberty?
- A. Voltaire
- B. John Stuart Mill
- C. Rousseau
- D. Karl Marx
**Answer**: C. Rousseau
Here are additional multiple-choice questions on the topic of "Freedom" from the document:
### 39. Which of the following concepts in Indian political thought is closely related to the idea of freedom?
- A. Dharma
- B. Swaraj
- C. Karma
- D. Moksha
**Answer**: B. Swaraj
### 40. Which of the following statements about constraints on freedom is true?
- A. All constraints are necessary for maintaining freedom.
- B. Social constraints are always harmful to freedom.
- C. Only constraints backed by force are valid.
- D. Some constraints are needed to avoid chaos in society.
**Answer**: D. Some constraints are needed to avoid chaos in society.
### 41. According to John Stuart Mill, what is the main criterion for imposing a constraint on individual liberty?
- A. If it causes harm to others
- B. If it causes offense to a group
- C. If it goes against tradition
- D. If it does not conform to cultural norms
**Answer**: A. If it causes harm to others
### 42. The distinction between "self-regarding" and "other-regarding" actions is significant because:
- A. It helps in deciding which actions require legal constraints.
- B. It suggests that all actions impact others equally.
- C. It justifies imposing limits on self-regarding actions.
- D. It shows that self-regarding actions should be controlled.
**Answer**: A. It helps in deciding which actions require legal constraints.
### 43. Which statement best describes "negative liberty"?
- A. It focuses on enabling societal welfare programs.
- B. It is concerned with the absence of external constraints on individuals.
- C. It allows the state to impose constraints for development.
- D. It demands complete social equality.
**Answer**: B. It is concerned with the absence of external constraints on individuals.
### 44. What was Gandhi’s view on "Swaraj" in his work *Hind Swaraj*?
- A. It meant political freedom alone.
- B. It involved both self-rule and ruling over others.
- C. It emphasized self-discipline and self-rule.
- D. It was primarily about economic growth.
**Answer**: C. It emphasized self-discipline and self-rule.
### 45. Why is freedom of expression considered fundamental in a free society?
- A. It prevents conflicts and ensures uniformity.
- B. It allows individuals to challenge existing beliefs and discover truth.
- C. It helps people conform to popular ideas.
- D. It restricts misinformation.
**Answer**: B. It allows individuals to challenge existing beliefs and discover truth.
### 46. In the context of positive liberty, what is required for an individual to achieve freedom?
- A. Complete isolation from society
- B. Abandonment of all social roles
- C. Supportive conditions for self-development
- D. Strict laws to regulate personal choices
**Answer**: C. Supportive conditions for self-development
### 47. According to Mill, when should legal constraints be imposed on actions?
- A. Only when they disrupt cultural practices
- B. If the actions cause significant harm to others
- C. If they differ from societal norms
- D. When they conflict with government policies
**Answer**: B. If the actions cause significant harm to others
### 48. In the discussion on freedom, what does the term "reasonable restrictions" imply?
- A. Constraints must be balanced, not excessive.
- B. Only the government should set restrictions.
- C. Restrictions must apply to all actions.
- D. There should be no restrictions at all.
**Answer**: A. Constraints must be balanced, not excessive.
