Title: Experiment to Measure Acceleration Due to Gravity (g) Using a Simple Pendulum
Objective: To determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum.
Materials Required:
A rigid support with a hook
A long, inextensible thread (approximately 1-2 meters)
A small, heavy bob (metal sphere)
Stopwatch
Meter scale
Protractor
Theory: The time period (T) of a simple pendulum is given by the formula:
where:
= Time period of the pendulum
= Length of the pendulum
= Acceleration due to gravity
From this formula, can be calculated using:
Procedure:
Set up the simple pendulum by suspending the bob with the thread from the rigid support.
Measure the length of the pendulum (L) from the point of suspension to the center of the bob using the meter scale.
Displace the pendulum slightly (small angle, less than 10°) and release it without any push.
Use the stopwatch to measure the time for 20 complete oscillations and record it.
Calculate the time period (T) by dividing the recorded time by 20.
Repeat the experiment 3 times for accuracy and take the average value of T.
Substitute the values of L and T in the formula to calculate g.
Observations:
Length of the pendulum (L) = ______ cm
Time for 20 oscillations (Trial 1) = ______ s
Time for 20 oscillations (Trial 2) = ______ s
Time for 20 oscillations (Trial 3) = ______ s
Average time for 20 oscillations = ______ s
Time period (T) = Average time / 20 = ______ s
Calculation: Substitute the average value of T and the value of L in the formula:
Result: The calculated value of acceleration due to gravity (g) is ______ m/s².
Precautions:
Ensure the amplitude of oscillations is small (less than 10°).
The thread should be inextensible and should not have any knots.
The bob should be heavy and spherical for smooth oscillations.
The pendulum should not be affected by air currents.
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