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Information Technology (IT)
Who:
- Charles Babbage: Known as the "Father of the Computer."
- Alan Turing: Pioneered artificial intelligence and computing during World War II.
- Tim Berners-Lee: Invented the World Wide Web.
What:
- Information Technology refers to the use of computers, software, and networks for storing, retrieving, transmitting, and managing data.
- Key Innovations: Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and Blockchain.
Environment
Who:
- Rachel Carson: Environmentalist and author of Silent Spring, which raised awareness about the dangers of pesticides.
- Greta Thunberg: Activist advocating for climate action and sustainability.
What:
- Environment refers to the natural world, including land, water, air, plants, and animals, and how they interact.
- Key Issues: Climate change, deforestation, pollution, and biodiversity loss.
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 17 global goals adopted by the UN to protect the environment while ensuring economic and social well-being.
Universe
Who:
- Galileo Galilei: Advanced the telescope to observe celestial objects.
- Albert Einstein: Developed the theory of relativity, revolutionizing our understanding of the cosmos.
What:
- Universe is the vast expanse of space that includes all matter, energy, galaxies, stars, and planets.
- The Big Bang Theory: The leading explanation for the origin of the universe, which began 13.8 billion years ago.
- Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Mysterious components that make up most of the universe.
Earth
Who:
- James Hutton: Father of modern geology, proposed the theory of uniformitarianism.
- Alfred Wegener: Proposed the theory of continental drift, leading to plate tectonics.
What:
- Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known place to support life.
- Key Layers: Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
- Natural Phenomena: Volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, and the water cycle.
Space
Who:
- Yuri Gagarin: First human in space (1961).
- Neil Armstrong: First person to walk on the Moon (1969).
- Katherine Johnson: Mathematician whose calculations were critical for NASA's space missions.
What:
- Space is the vast, seemingly infinite region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
- Key Features: Planets, stars, galaxies, black holes, and nebulae.
- Exploration: Satellites, space telescopes like Hubble, and missions to Mars.
- Agencies: NASA, ESA, ISRO, and SpaceX.
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